PCOS / fibroids Flashcards
what is PCOS
assoictaed with incresed levels of insulin and androgens that cause irregular periods, excessive facial and body hair, pimples and weight gain
hirsutism
excess hair growth on the face and body due to high levels of androgens
or scalp hair loss in a male-like pattern ie. hair thaat recedes at th front and thins at the top
skin conditions
higher levels of androgens can enlarge oil production glands on the skin which can cause acne
can also cause skin tags on armpits, nack and bra line
healthy lifestyle in PCOS
most effective approach to managing PCOS symptoms including irregular periods
hormonal contraception for PCOS
COCP
progesterone
hormonal implants
veginal contraceptive ring
IUD
metformin
reduces insulin resistance and the production of androgens in the ovaries
more likely to benefit women with PCOS who are of a heavier weight
helps with weight loss and reduces the risk of diabetes
scalp hair loss
rogaine or regaine - minoxidil
to prevent hair loss
liquid or foam massaged onto scalp
some dermatologists prescribe oral tablets
natural ways to improve fertility
having children earlier
healthy lifestyle
keeping track of ovulation
medical ways to improv fertility
ovulation induction to stimulate the ovary to produce eggs
metformin
gonadotrophins - carefully regulate the dosage as this my lead to multiple pregnancies or ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
fallopian tube assessment
surgical approaches to improve fertility
ovarian drilling - increase or restore ovulation
performed using a laparoscope inserted via an incision into the abdomen under GA. small holes are inserted innto the ovary to remove tissu that produces excessive amounts of androgens
bariatric surgery
assisted reproductive technology
possible pregnancy complications in PCOS
early miscarriage
diabetes during pregnancy (gestational diabetes)
high blood pressure
premature delivery
caesarean delivery
what are fibroids
non-cancerous growths found in the muscle walls of the uterus
symptoms of fibroids
heavy periods or long periods
painful periods
bleeding in between periods
iron deficiency
dyspareunia
pregnancy complications
diagnosis of fibroids
US pelvis/transvaginal
MRI
hysteroscopy
laparoscopy
adenomyosis
cells in the muscle wall behave the same way as cells lining the uterus and bleed
because they are trapped in the muscle layer, they form pockets of blood in the muscle wall
symptoms of adenomyosis
painful periods
heavy periods
iron deficiency anaemia
painful sex
persistent pelvic pain
endometrial ablation for adenomyosis
only if you aren’t planning any future pregnancies
symptoms of cervical polyps
bleeding in between periods
bleeding after sex
bleeding after menopause
abnormal vaginal discharge
symptoms of uterine polyps
heavy periods
periods that vary in length and heaviness
bleeding in between periods and after sex
bleeding after menopause
difficulty getting pregnant
diagnosis of cervical polyps
usually found during routine cervical screening
diagnosis of uterine polyps
ultrasound or hysteroscopy
management of cervical polyps
often removed during pelvic examination, painless procedure
if the polyp is too large it may need to be removed surgically under GA
management of uterine polyps
hormonal medication or surgical removal
