PCOS / fibroids

Question 1

what is PCOS

Answer 1

assoictaed with incresed levels of insulin and androgens that cause irregular periods, excessive facial and body hair, pimples and weight gain

Question 2

hirsutism

Answer 2

excess hair growth on the face and body due to high levels of androgens
or scalp hair loss in a male-like pattern ie. hair thaat recedes at th front and thins at the top

Question 3

skin conditions

Answer 3

higher levels of androgens can enlarge oil production glands on the skin which can cause acne
can also cause skin tags on armpits, nack and bra line

Question 4

healthy lifestyle in PCOS

Answer 4

most effective approach to managing PCOS symptoms including irregular periods

Question 5

hormonal contraception for PCOS

Answer 5

COCP
progesterone
hormonal implants
veginal contraceptive ring
IUD

Question 6

metformin

Answer 6

reduces insulin resistance and the production of androgens in the ovaries
more likely to benefit women with PCOS who are of a heavier weight
helps with weight loss and reduces the risk of diabetes

Question 7

scalp hair loss

Answer 7

rogaine or regaine - minoxidil
to prevent hair loss
liquid or foam massaged onto scalp
some dermatologists prescribe oral tablets

Question 8

natural ways to improve fertility

Answer 8

having children earlier
healthy lifestyle
keeping track of ovulation

Question 9

medical ways to improv fertility

Answer 9

ovulation induction to stimulate the ovary to produce eggs
metformin
gonadotrophins - carefully regulate the dosage as this my lead to multiple pregnancies or ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
fallopian tube assessment

Question 10

surgical approaches to improve fertility

Answer 10

ovarian drilling - increase or restore ovulation
performed using a laparoscope inserted via an incision into the abdomen under GA. small holes are inserted innto the ovary to remove tissu that produces excessive amounts of androgens
bariatric surgery
assisted reproductive technology

Question 11

possible pregnancy complications in PCOS

Answer 11

early miscarriage
diabetes during pregnancy (gestational diabetes)
high blood pressure
premature delivery
caesarean delivery

Question 12

what are fibroids

Answer 12

non-cancerous growths found in the muscle walls of the uterus

Question 13

symptoms of fibroids

Answer 13

heavy periods or long periods
painful periods
bleeding in between periods
iron deficiency
dyspareunia
pregnancy complications

Question 14

diagnosis of fibroids

Answer 14

US pelvis/transvaginal
MRI
hysteroscopy
laparoscopy

Question 15

adenomyosis

Answer 15

cells in the muscle wall behave the same way as cells lining the uterus and bleed
because they are trapped in the muscle layer, they form pockets of blood in the muscle wall

Question 16

symptoms of adenomyosis

Answer 16

painful periods
heavy periods
iron deficiency anaemia
painful sex
persistent pelvic pain

Question 17

endometrial ablation for adenomyosis

Answer 17

only if you aren’t planning any future pregnancies

Question 18

symptoms of cervical polyps

Answer 18

bleeding in between periods
bleeding after sex
bleeding after menopause
abnormal vaginal discharge

Question 19

symptoms of uterine polyps

Answer 19

heavy periods
periods that vary in length and heaviness
bleeding in between periods and after sex
bleeding after menopause
difficulty getting pregnant

Question 20

diagnosis of cervical polyps

Answer 20

usually found during routine cervical screening

Question 21

diagnosis of uterine polyps

Answer 21

ultrasound or hysteroscopy

Question 22

management of cervical polyps

Answer 22

often removed during pelvic examination, painless procedure
if the polyp is too large it may need to be removed surgically under GA

Question 23

management of uterine polyps

Answer 23

hormonal medication or surgical removal