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PCM 1 Midterm > PCM Final > Flashcards

PCM Final Flashcards

1
Q

Apthous ulcers

A

canker sores

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2
Q

torus palatinus

A

benign lump on the hard palate

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3
Q

turbinates

A

turbinates are covered in mucous and go into the nasal cavity.

their job is the clean, humidify and control the temperature of the air we breathe in

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4
Q

Sinuses

A

air filled cavities in the skull

  1. frontal (do not open until 7yo)
  2. maxillary
  3. ethmoid
  4. sphenoid
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5
Q

LN

A

use the pads of the 3 middle fingers and check for: size, tenderness and texture

  1. pre auricular
  2. post auricular
  3. submental
  4. submandibular
  5. supraclavicular
  6. tonsilar
  7. anterior cervical
  8. pisterior cervical
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6
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Inflammation of the pharynx, leading to a sore throat.

can be viral or bacterial

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7
Q

common sx for viral pharyngitis (5)

A
  1. low grade fever
  2. coryza (inflammed mucous membrane)
  3. conjunctivitis
  4. malaise/fatigue
  5. hoarseness
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8
Q

Steptococcal pharyngitis

Sx (6)

A

Bacterial pharyngitis d/t GABHS.

Sx: sore throat, fever, HA, nausea, fatigue and body aches

(bc pharynx is close to intra-abdominal on homoculus)

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9
Q

Streptococcal pharynigitis highest liklihood

A

1. children 5-15

2. winter or early spring

3. NO COUGH

4.anterior cervical LN tenderness

5. fever

6. tonsillar exudate

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10
Q

Tx of strep

A

Penicillin

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11
Q

Acute otitis media (AOM)

A

symptomatic inflammation of middle ear d/t bacteria or viruses.

TM is bulging, red, reduced mobility

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12
Q

Otitis media with effusion (serous OM)

A

inflammation + fluid buildup in middle ear (behind ear drum), w/o bacterial or viral infection

can be d/t: fluid in ear after a AOM or blockage of eustachian tube that can last 3 months

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13
Q

Chronic suppurative OM

A

(>6 weeks)- persistent EI that causes tearing of eardrum

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14
Q

inner ear ear infection

A

labyrinthitis

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15
Q

Otosclerosis

A

abnormal bone growth around stapes.

Assx with hearing loss beginning at 10-30 yo and marked hearing loss during middle age. 2 types:

  • Conductive loss–> ossicle sclerosis into a into a single immovable mass.
  • Sensory loss–> otic capsule sclerosis.
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16
Q

Rhinosinusitis/sinusitis

A

inflammation of mucosal lining the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. D/t bacteria or viral.

Signs or sx: nasal discharge, coughing, sneezing, nasal congestion, fever, HA, pain, facial pressure

Dx is passed on HPI, thus, no imaging or labs are needed.

17
Q

Bacterial sinusitis

Sx (3)

When is it indicated

Tx

A

suspicion of acute BS.

Sx: Double sickening ( pt gets slightly better, then worse), purulent rhinorrhea, elevated ESR

Acute bacterial rhinosinusis is indicated when signs or sx of acute rhinosinusitis persists w/o improving for at least 10 days.

Tx:

First antibiotics–>amoxicillin, augmentin

Second line of AB–> doxycycline, Levaquin, clindamycin and cefixime

18
Q

Croup (laryngotracheitis)

Causes:

Presentation (4):

w/u:

tx:

A

swelling of the [larynx, trachea and bronchi], which causes inspiratory stridor and barking cough in children 6 months–>3yo

causes–> parainfluenza virus, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus,

Presentation (4): pt has a [fever, stridor nasal flaring, respiratory retractions]

W/U: XR can indicate Steeples sign

Tx: oxygen, dexamethasone

19
Q

Epoglottis

cause:

sx:

Presentation:

w/u:

Tx:

A

inflammation of epiglottis

Cause: Haemophilus type B, GABHS

Sx: rapid onset of sx, sore throat, muffled voice, drooling

Presentation: HG fever, toxic appearance, child sitting or leaning fwd

W/U: lateral neck XR, WBC

Tx: protext airway (intubate), antibiotics

20
Q

Dizziness/vertigo caused by ENT can be d/t what 5 things?

A
  1. eustachian tube dysfunction
  2. BPPV (benign paroxysmal positional vertigo)*** most common
  3. Vestibular neuritis (inflammation of nerve)
  4. Labryinthitis
  5. Menieres dz
21
Q

What is BPPv

A

BPPV is a sudden sensation youre spinning.

It can be d/t canalithiases (canal stones) caused by otoconial debris that are FREE floating in the canal of SCC
or uncommonly cuplothiases (capula staones) d/t otoconial debris ahdered to the cupula of crista ampullaris

22
Q

Menierz dz

A

disorder of inner ear that causes episdes where your/re spinning.

Mostly affects 1 ear.

PCM 1 Midterm (11 decks)

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