PCM Final Flashcards
Apthous ulcers
canker sores
torus palatinus
benign lump on the hard palate
turbinates
turbinates are covered in mucous and go into the nasal cavity.
their job is the clean, humidify and control the temperature of the air we breathe in
Sinuses
air filled cavities in the skull
- frontal (do not open until 7yo)
- maxillary
- ethmoid
- sphenoid
LN
use the pads of the 3 middle fingers and check for: size, tenderness and texture
- pre auricular
- post auricular
- submental
- submandibular
- supraclavicular
- tonsilar
- anterior cervical
- pisterior cervical
Pharyngitis
Inflammation of the pharynx, leading to a sore throat.
can be viral or bacterial
common sx for viral pharyngitis (5)
- low grade fever
- coryza (inflammed mucous membrane)
- conjunctivitis
- malaise/fatigue
- hoarseness
Steptococcal pharyngitis
Sx (6)
Bacterial pharyngitis d/t GABHS.
Sx: sore throat, fever, HA, nausea, fatigue and body aches
(bc pharynx is close to intra-abdominal on homoculus)
Streptococcal pharynigitis highest liklihood
1. children 5-15
2. winter or early spring
3. NO COUGH
4.anterior cervical LN tenderness
5. fever
6. tonsillar exudate
Tx of strep
Penicillin
Acute otitis media (AOM)
symptomatic inflammation of middle ear d/t bacteria or viruses.
TM is bulging, red, reduced mobility
Otitis media with effusion (serous OM)
inflammation + fluid buildup in middle ear (behind ear drum), w/o bacterial or viral infection
can be d/t: fluid in ear after a AOM or blockage of eustachian tube that can last 3 months
Chronic suppurative OM
(>6 weeks)- persistent EI that causes tearing of eardrum
inner ear ear infection
labyrinthitis
Otosclerosis
abnormal bone growth around stapes.
Assx with hearing loss beginning at 10-30 yo and marked hearing loss during middle age. 2 types:
- Conductive loss–> ossicle sclerosis into a into a single immovable mass.
- Sensory loss–> otic capsule sclerosis.
Rhinosinusitis/sinusitis
inflammation of mucosal lining the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. D/t bacteria or viral.
Signs or sx: nasal discharge, coughing, sneezing, nasal congestion, fever, HA, pain, facial pressure
Dx is passed on HPI, thus, no imaging or labs are needed.
Bacterial sinusitis
Sx (3)
When is it indicated
Tx
suspicion of acute BS.
Sx: Double sickening ( pt gets slightly better, then worse), purulent rhinorrhea, elevated ESR
Acute bacterial rhinosinusis is indicated when signs or sx of acute rhinosinusitis persists w/o improving for at least 10 days.
Tx:
First antibiotics–>amoxicillin, augmentin
Second line of AB–> doxycycline, Levaquin, clindamycin and cefixime
Croup (laryngotracheitis)
Causes:
Presentation (4):
w/u:
tx:
swelling of the [larynx, trachea and bronchi], which causes inspiratory stridor and barking cough in children 6 months–>3yo
causes–> parainfluenza virus, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus,
Presentation (4): pt has a [fever, stridor nasal flaring, respiratory retractions]
W/U: XR can indicate Steeples sign
Tx: oxygen, dexamethasone
Epoglottis
cause:
sx:
Presentation:
w/u:
Tx:
inflammation of epiglottis
Cause: Haemophilus type B, GABHS
Sx: rapid onset of sx, sore throat, muffled voice, drooling
Presentation: HG fever, toxic appearance, child sitting or leaning fwd
W/U: lateral neck XR, WBC
Tx: protext airway (intubate), antibiotics
Dizziness/vertigo caused by ENT can be d/t what 5 things?
- eustachian tube dysfunction
- BPPV (benign paroxysmal positional vertigo)*** most common
- Vestibular neuritis (inflammation of nerve)
- Labryinthitis
- Menieres dz
What is BPPv
BPPV is a sudden sensation youre spinning.
It can be d/t canalithiases (canal stones) caused by otoconial debris that are FREE floating in the canal of SCC
or uncommonly cuplothiases (capula staones) d/t otoconial debris ahdered to the cupula of crista ampullaris
Menierz dz
disorder of inner ear that causes episdes where your/re spinning.
Mostly affects 1 ear.
