PCM 1ST BIMEX Flashcards by SALI BABY

Which statement is **not true **for a pilot test?

Pilot test is a trial run
Pilot test is an implementation of an intervention
Pilot test is an intervention to just a few individuals
Pilot test is an intervention to determine whether there are any problems with it

Pilot test is an implementation of an intervention

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What do you call a change in the quality of life, health status or risk, and** social benefit? **

It is an environmental objective
it is a process objective
It is an outcome objective
it is an impact objective

It is an outcome objective

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Which statement belongs to the Generalized Model for Health Program?

Gathering data
Analyzing data
Identifying the risk factors limited to the health problem
Setting goals and objectives

Setting goals and objectives

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Which is** not considered **a step in the process of community organizing’/building?

planning and policy practices
recognizing the issues
gaining entry into the community
organizing the people

planning and policy practices

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Bottom up effects of people taking collective actions on their own behalf is called

macro practice
LGU initiatives
Civic organization lead
grassroots participation

grassroots participation

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What is community organizing?

an act of consensus building within a democratic process
an act of consensus building within an autocratic process
an act of consensus building within a dictatorial process
a process of people to gain mastery over their lives

an act of consensus building within a democratic process

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When the form of evidence comes from personal experiences and observations it is called

objective evidence
subjective evidence
perspective evidence
systematic review of science based on research

subjective evidence

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What do you call the concepts to be able to understand the behavior change associated with community organizing/building and health promotion programming?

evidence based practiced and biomedical approach
evidence based practiced and socio-biomedical approach
evidence based practiced and socio-ecological approach
socio economic approach and evidenced based practiced

evidence based practiced and socio-ecological approach

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The process of identifying, analyzing and prioritizing the needs of a priority population is called

needs assessment
needs policy
Other:

needs assessment

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The first step in community organizing and building is

gaining entry into the community
recognizing the issues
implementing the plan
organizing the leader

recognizing the issues

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Evaluation that focuses on immediate observable effects of a program

impact evaluation
outcome evaluation
formative evaluation
summarive evaluation

impact evaluation

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Endemic diseases

A. is one that occurs only occasionally within the population of a particular geographic area
B. are diseases that are always present within the population of a particular geographic area
C. is defined as a greater than usual number of cases of a disease in a particular geographic area usually occurring within a relatively short periodof time
D. an outbreak of disease over a wide geographical area such as from one country to other countries

B. are diseases that are always present within the population of a particular geographic area

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The number of new health related events or cases of a disease divided by the total number in the population at risk

Attack rate
Prevalence rate
Morbidity rate
Incidence rate

Incidence rate

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Rate is

the number of people afflicted with the disease
number of live births
number of people who died in a given geographic area
number of cases that occur in a given population in a given period of time

number of cases that occur in a given population in a given period of time

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The average number of years a person from a specific cohort is projected to live from a given point in time

Years Potential Life Lost
Health Adjusted Life Expectancy
Life Expectancy
Disability Adjusted Life Years

Life Expectancy

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One of these is not in the top 3 leading causes of death in the Philippines in the year 2009.

Diseases of the heart
Cerebrovascular diseases
Diabetes mellitus
Malignant neoplasms

Diabetes mellitus

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The period between exposure to the disease and onset of symptoms

Prodromal period
Period of illness
Recovery period
Incubation period

Incubation period

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Test hypothesis regarding associations between diseases and risk factors

Analytic studies
Descriptive studies
Both are correct
both are incorrect

Analytic studies

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In the slide shown to you which country has the longest life expectancy?

United States of America
New Zealand
Japan
Russia

Japan

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Which statement is not true for Epidemiology?

studies the pattern of disease occurrence in human population
study of the distribution and determinants of disease frequency
Concern with the health of an individual patient
Assess whether an on going disease prevention is effective

Concern with the health of an individual patient

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A disease that occurs regularly in a population

epidemic
sporadic
pandemic
endemic

endemic

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Morbidity rate is the

A. number of new cases of a disease divided by the total population at risk during the period
B. incidence of infection in a group observed during an epidemic divided by the number of people exposed x 100
C. number of people who are sick divided by the total population at risk
D. none of the above is correct

C. number of people who are sick divided by the total population at risk

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Single most reliable indicator of a population’s health status

Infant mortality
maternal mortality
mortality rate
neonatal mortality rate

Infant mortality

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Used for calculating disease and death rates and for program planning

vital statistics report
mortality and morbidity weekly report
census
all are correct

census

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Which disease is not transmitted by direct contact mode of transmission? Gonorrhea syphilis common cold measles

measles

Which one is not considered as fomites? beddings air food service utensils milk

air

A graphic show of disease where each case can be traced to a single source of exposure. common source epidemic propagated epidemic curve point source epidemic continuous source epidemic

common source epidemic

Descriptive studies A. test hypothesis about relationship between health problems and possible risk factorsh B. studies factor that increase the probability of disease C. investigator observe the natural course of events creating exposed and unexposed subjects and disease development D. provides valuable information to health care providers and administrators enabling them to allocate resources officially

D. provides valuable information to health care providers and administrators enabling them to allocate resources officially

The top 3 leading cause of death in the U.S.A. 2013 is Disease of the heart, malignant neoplasm and stroke Disease of the heart, malignant neoplasm and chronic lower respiratory disease pneumonia, tuberculosis and diabetes disease of the heart, malignant neoplasm and gastroenteritis

Disease of the heart, malignant neoplasm and chronic lower respiratory disease

The leading cause of Years Potential Life Lost (YPLL) before age 75 in 1990 and 2013. unintentional injuries diseases of the heart malignant neoplasms chronic lower respiratory disease

diseases of the heart

Which country has the longest life expectancy among males in 2013? Sweden U.S.A. Republic of Korea United Kingdom

Sweden

What do you call the actions taken prior to the onset of disease? primordial prevention primary prevention secondary prevention tertiary prevention

primary prevention

The number of years lost when death occurs before the age of 65 years old. Life expectancy Disability Adjusted Life Years Health Adjusted Life Years Years of Potential Life Lost

Years of Potential Life Lost

The capability of a communicable disease agent to cause a disease in a susceptible host Infectivity Pathogenicity Virulence Colonization

Pathogenicity

A person or animal that harbors a specific communicable agent in the absence of discernible clinical disease and is a potential source of infection to others is called a Carrier zoonotic reservoir an acanthoponosis

Carrier

Epidemic diseases A. is one that occurs only occasionally within the population of a particular geographic area B. are diseases that are always present within the population of a particular geographic area C. is defined as greater than usual number of cases of a disease in a particular geographic area D. an outbreak of a disease over a wide geographical area such as from one country to other countries

is defined as greater than usual number of cases of a disease in a particular geographic area

What do you think is not identified to promote a disease transmission in the communicable disease model? biological agents vectors carriers genetic endowment

genetic endowment

Which of these diseases are not a chronic non- communicable disease? Diabetes mellitus Lead poisoning Coronary heart disease Degenerative osteoarthritis

Lead poisoning

Which one is not considered an acute communicable disease? pneumonia typhoid fever measles tuberculosis

tuberculosis

A chronic disease characterized by damage to blood vessels of the brain resulting in disruption of the circulation in the brain coronary heart disease cerebrovascular disease myocardiopathy congenital heart disease

cerebrovascular disease

The leading and most important risk factor for coronary heart disease is hyperglycemia hypertension hyperlipidemia hyperuricemia

hypertension.?….??

What do you call the efforts to control a disease in progress? intervention elimination eradication immunization

intervention

Secondary prevention are A. preventive measures that lead to an early diagnosis and prompt treatment of disease B. preventive measures that forestall the onset of illness or injury C. measures aimed at rehabilitation following significant pathogenesis D. all are correct

A. preventive measures that lead to an early diagnosis and prompt treatment of disease

Limitation of freedom of movement of those who have been exposed to a DISEASE and maybe incubating it Isolation disinfection quarantine all are correct

quarantine

The most important biological factor of human disease is mosquito fleas ticks flies

mosquito

Flies as insect vectors transmit the following diseases except African Sleeping Sickness Leishmaniasis Onchocerciasis Dengue fever

Dengue fever

SMART objective means Simple, measurable, achievable, realistic and time phased Subjective, measurable, achievable, realistic and time phased, Specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time phased Specific, measurable, attributable, realistic and time phased

Specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time phased

If the infant mortality rate is high, emphasis should be given to Communicable Disease Control Nutrition Program Maternal and Child Health Immunization Program

Maternal and Child Health

In evaluating the success of your environmental sanitation program, the most significant criterion is number of toilets built amount of money donated reduced incidence rate of diarrhea among 0-6 years old number of families involve in the program

reduced incidence rate of diarrhea among 0-6 years old

Officially known as Transforming Our World 2030. This 17 sets of goals adopted by UN member countries envisioned to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure prosperity to all. Millennium Development Goal High Impact Goal Sustainable Development Goal Universal Health Care Goal

Sustainable Development Goal

Violence and injury prevention programs of the DOH includes the following except Zero fireworks related injuries Stop bullying in schools promotion End mental health stigma and discrimination All of the above are correct

End mental health stigma and discrimination

Which of the following is the backbone of disease prevention? epidemiology demographics vital statistics health statistics

epidemiology

Which program is an example of secondary prevention? a community wide nutrition program at fast food establishments a program to immunize persons exposed to infectious disease with Immunoglobulin G Alcoholic Anonymous An exercise program for persons who have had a stroke

Alcoholic Anonymous

Which of the following micronutrients is given to a child 9 months of age, preschoolers and newly delivered babies. iron fluoride iodine vitamin A

vitamin A

Hypertension and diseases of the heart are among the 10 leading causes of illnesses each year. These are collectively known as Lifestyle Related Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD). These diseases have common risk factors which are to a large extent related to unhealthy lifestyle. As a health promoter, what should you suggest to a patient on a low cholesterol diet? egg pie, boiled liver diet fried chicken, potatoes diet hamburger, French fries diet Grilled fish, eggplants diet

Grilled fish, eggplants diet

In control of communicable diseases, the period of quarantine in respect of disease is determine by infectivity period carrier state incubation period duration of illness

incubation period

Which of the following is a negative health behavior that must be avoided to prevent illness? immunization adequate sleep pattern self-medication regular check up

self-medication

few diseases are subject to notification on the basis of international agreements. The internationally notifiable diseases known also as QUARANTINABLE OR CONVENTION diseases are governed by International Sanitary Regulators. The diseases currently notifiable to the WHO are the following except plague cholera malaria COVID 19

malaria

A more or less complete count of individuals within a geographic area at specified instant of time census survey demography population register

census

Iodine rich food squash seaweed carrot meat

seaweed

Which of the following tell us how many babies born alive would die before reaching one year of age in a given place and time specific child death rate infant mortality rate neonatal mortality rate crude death rate

infant mortality rate

This is considered as the FIRST LINK in the chain of infection wherein the patient's symptoms are infectious in origin etiologic agent reservoir susceptible host portal of entry

etiologic agent

An infectious disease not considered COMMUNICABLE scabies tetanus pneumonia mumps

tetanus

A population pyramid with triangular shape and broad base indicates the following except high death rates poverty young population more females

more females

The most effective way to assess the heath care needs of older adults in a community is to A. conduct personal interviews with local health care and social services professionals B. rely on intuitive impressions obtained from working with older persons C. review demographic date from the most recent census D. survey a random sample of adult children who do not reside in the community

A. conduct personal interviews with local health care and social services professionals

When promoting the health of the individual, family and community, the first step to to take by the RHU physician is to establish a registry of families to conduct a family census to do a health assessment to organize the community

to do a health assessment

To be effective in prevention and control of spread of communicable diseases, physicians should strengthen skills and knowledge on data analysis community diagnosis rehabilitation of patient health education

health education

A total of 97 cases were admitted in a District hospital from January to June of 2021. 71% were males and 29% were females. There were 37 deaths. What was the case fatality ratio of neonatal tetanus. The mid year population was 11,765. 30% 38% 70% 72%

38%

Some 1450 persons are in the population. 46 persons died. 64% of those who died were age 55 years and above. What is the crude death rate? 2.03% 3.17% 3.79% 4.41%

3.17%

Hospital waste management program is a requirement before construction of a new facility. The hospital personnel are required to train in waste management to prevent which of the following? communicable disease nosocomial infection cross infection transmission of infection

nosocomial infection

Which of the following is the most effective measures to prevent or reduce high density flies in the community? prevent breeding places through sanitary refuse disposal use insect sprays screen houses use fly swatter/papers

prevent breeding places through sanitary refuse disposal

Technical term used for sickness which also measures prevalence and incidence mortality morbidity life expectancy disability

morbidity

A combination of liquid wastes or water carried discharges conducted away from residences and other institution together with such ground surface or rain water as maybe present is known as sewage garbage refuse rubbish

sewage

This type of well requires some type of pump either motor or hand powered and makes use of a high velocity stream of water to excavate the hole and to carry the excavated material out of the hole driven well jetted well drilled well dug well

jetted well

In developing capability of people to assume more responsibility for their health, which of the following would you consider the most important? organizing community health lead lag in the health activity identifying health problems with the people making medicine available

identifying health problems with the people

Which is not a major technique used in the prevention of dental caries? observation of good mouth hygiene restriction of fermentable carbohydrates in the diet use of fluoride solutions chlorination of drinking water

chlorination of drinking water

A type of survey or study that determines the norms and limits of the distribution of variables, including the characteristic of the events and population under study is referred to as descriptive explanatory analytical cross sectional

descriptive

The operating unit of the Department of Health at the local level is Barangay Health Station Puericulture Center Rural Health Unit Regional Hospital

Rural Health Unit

In the chain of infection model showing disease prevention and control strategies which one strategy is address to the portal of entry? Quarantine Disinfection Handwashing wearing of masks

wearing of masks

Protection against occupational hazards is an important strategy address during the pre-pathogenesis early pathogenesis period of pathogenesis all are correct

pre-pathogenesis

A sensitive index to measure the health of a community and the most precise measurement of how healthy a population is infant mortality rate neonatal mortality rate maternal mortality rate post natal mortality rate

infant mortality rate

The most common cause of maternal mortality in our country is pregnancy with abortive outcome post partum hemorrhage hypertension complicating pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium complications related to pregnancy during labor, delivery and puerperium

complications related to pregnancy during labor, delivery and puerperium

Infant mortality rate in our country is highest among the poorer families middle class families richer families poorest families

poorest families

Provision of hospitals and community facilities is important during the early pathogenesis period of pathogenesis pre-pathogenesis all is correct

period of pathogenesis

Among the list of statements which do you think is true? males has a long life expectancy than females The median age for both sexes are almost the same Population growth rate in our country is 2.81% Undernourished children under five years old is 30% in 2011

The median age for both sexes are almost the same

The screening and case finding measures are important strategies during period of pathogenesis pre-pathogenesis early pathogenesis none of the above

early pathogenesis

Which do you think could not be a probable cause of neonatal mortality? pre-maturity congenital anomalies poor pre-natal care of the mother poor immunization

poor immunization

In our country which statement do you think is FALSE? majority of the leading causes of morbidity are communicable diseases majority of the leading causes of mortality are non-communicable diseases the birth rate per 1,000 pop. in our country is comparatively higher than those of the other Asian countries the 1.8% increase in birth rate in the Philippines appears higher than that of other Asian countries including Laos

majority of the leading causes of morbidity are communicable diseases

IN the age structure which statement is true? more males than females 55 years old and over more more females than males in 0-14 years old more female than males in 15 to 54 years old more females than males 55 years old and over

more females than males 55 years old and over

Which strategy in the prevention and control of disease is address to the pathogen? chlorination safety glasses condoms quarantine

chlorination

Which statement is not true for prevalence rate? used to measure the burden of the disease useful in determining the workload of our health /disease measure of frequency where new events occur number of old and new cases of a disease

measure of frequency where new events occur

In the Which statement as to the importance of indicators is not TRUE? indicators are important for resource allocation and planning indicators are important in the monitoring and prevention of the disease and will be useful for health policy makers indicators are necessary in analysing the ecological impact of a disease to objectively evaluate the health of the people all statements are true

all statements are true

in the same chain of infection model which strategy is not involve in the prevention and control address to mode of transmission? handwashing insect repellent safe sex vector control

insect repellent

The new COVID cases in a certain place is 2120, the bases are those who are positive to the RT-PCR test result in a population of 205, 194 and the number of those who were hospitalized was 1960 and the total deaths was 46. What do you think is the Case Fatality Rate (CFR). 2.16% 7.77% 1.03% .95%

2.16%

Primary Health Care A. is a new approach to health care which integrates at the community level all the factors required for improving the health status of the population B. a comprehensive approach to health prevention that requires environmental modification C. prevent the emergence or development of risk factors in population groups D. All are correct

A. is a new approach to health care which integrates at the community level all the factors required for improving the health status of the population

Which statement is not true as to the determinants of prevention and for prevention to be successful? A. depends upon knowledge of causation B. depends upon knowledge of disability limitation C. depends upon dynamic of transmission D. depends upon availability of prophylaxis or early detection and treatment measure

B. depends upon knowledge of disability limitation

One of these is not considered a preventive effort in the public health control of disease the goals is to improve the resistance of the host post exposure prophylaxis water and food safety vaccination nutrition

water and food safety

Following statements are true for secondary prevention except A. action which halts the progress of the disease at its incipient stage B. one of its objective is to prevent the spread of the disease by curing all the known cases C. one of its intervention is individual or mass case findings D. to provide measures available to reduce or limit impairment

D. to provide measures available to reduce or limit impairment

What core function in public health does evaluating the effectiveness and quality of personal population based health services belong? Assessment Policy development Assurance None of the above

Assurance

Pathogenicity is the A.ability of a biological agent to enter and grow in the host B. capability of a communicable disease agent to cause disease in a susceptible host C. cause the disease or health problem D. person or other living organism that affords subsistence or lodgment to a communicable disease agent under natural conditions

B. capability of a communicable disease agent to cause disease in a susceptible host