1ST YEAR RECALLS Flashcards by SALI BABY

Actions taken prior to the onset of diseases which remove the possibility that a disease will ever occur

Primordial Prevention
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention

Primary Prevention

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A form of tertiary prevention characterized by the restoration of the capacity for LIVELIHOOD

Medical rehabilitation
Social rehabilitation
Vocational rehabilitation
Psychological rehabilitation

Vocational rehabilitation

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What type of prevention that seeks to minimize the severity of illness or the damage to an injury causing event once the event has occurred?

secondary prevention
primary prevention
primordial prevention
tertiary prevention

secondary prevention

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What is the basic science of public health because it provides the first indication of the nature of the new disease?

Biostatistics
Epidemiology
Preventive Medicine
Family Medicine

Epidemiology

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A comprehensive approach to health prevention requires environmental modification. Which of the following statements is not an environmental modification?

provision of safe water
control of insects and rodents
improvement of housing
provision of chemotherapeutic drugs

provision of chemotherapeutic drugs

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Who formulated the theory of contagion?

Paracelsus
Vasaleus
Fracastorius
Ambroise Pare

Fracastorius

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He discovered typhoid fever

John Snow
Sydenham
William Bud
James Lind

William Bud

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What was the changing concept in public health in the years 1920-1960?

Disease Control Phase
Health Promotional phase
Social Engineering Phase
Health for All phase

Health Promotional phase

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A new approach to health care which integrates at the community level all the factors required for improving the health status of the population

Primary Health Care
Millennium Development Goals
Sustainable Development Goals
All are correct

Primary Health Care

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Which do you think is not true for secondary prevention among the statements?

action that halts the progress of the disease at its incipient stage
one of its objective is to prevent the spread of the disease by curing all the known cases
one of its intervention is individual or mass case findings
to provide measures available to reduce or limit impairment

to provide measures available to reduce or limit impairment
???

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Built aqueduct to transport water from miles away and built sewer system

Greeks
Jews
Egyptians
Romans

Romans

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A medical dictator with specialty in Anatomy and Physiology

Koch
Galen
Hippocrates
Jenner

Galen

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What domain determined the health status characterized by diet, physical action, substance used and abused?

Genetic make up
social circumstances
environmental conditions
behavioral choices

behavioral choices

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Action of society taken collectively to achieved the desired condition in which people can be healthy

Individual health
Family health
Community health
Organizational health

Community health
public health ang sakto ani

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The earliest written record of public health that included laws for the physician and his practice

Book of Leviticus
Observation in the Book of Mubali
Code of Hammurabi
All are correct

Code of Hammurabi

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What core function in public health does evaluating the effectiveness and quality of personal population based health services belong?

Assessment
Policy Development
Assurance
None of the above

Assurance

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What has James Lind accomplish?

prevention of scurvy by use of fresh vegetables
vaccination against smallpox
golden age of bacteriology
Epidemiology of Cholera

prevention of scurvy by use of fresh vegetables

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Louis Pasteur

Report sanitary conditions of the laboring population
Discovered typhoid fever
Discovered circulation of blood, microscope and vaccination against smallpox
Advanced the Germ Theory of Disease

Advanced the Germ Theory of Disease

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What do you call any loss of psychological, physiological and emotional structures or function?

Impairment
Disabilities
Rehabilitation
Handicap

Impairment

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What do you think is not an objective of prevention?

A. To provide information about new and changing trends in the health status of the population
B. To provide feedback which maybe expected to modify the policy(not sure)
C. To provide timely warning of public health disaster
D. To analyze routine measurements aimed at detecting changes in the environment on health status in a population

D. To analyze routine measurements aimed at detecting changes in the environment on health status in a population

A-C - objective of SURVEILLANCE
D - objective of MONITORING

BOTH OF THEM IS UNDER CONTROL (i think D is the answer kay kato ra lahi lol)

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Which do you think is not a determinant for prevention to be successful?

Knowledge of causation
Knowledge in the dynamics of transmission
Knowledge in the availability of prophylaxis or early detection and treatment measure
Knowledge of disability limitation and rehabilitation

Knowledge of disability limitation and rehabilitation

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Which do you think is not a determinant for prevention to be successful?

Knowledge of disability limitation and rehabilitation

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What is the level of prevention during the latent stage of the disease?

Primary
Primordial
Secondary
Tertiary

Secondary

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Which statement is true for primordial prevention?

prevention of the emergence or development of risk factors
actions taken prior to the onset of the disease
actions taken which halts the progress of a disease at its incipient stage
when the disease process has advanced beyond its early stages

prevention of the emergence or development of risk factors

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Disability is A. any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or B. anatomical structure and function B. any restriction to perform an activity within the range considered normal for the human being C. termed as a disadvantage for a given individual D. combined measures for training and restoring the individual to the highest possible level of functional ability

B. any restriction to perform an activity within the range considered normal for the human being

The Papyrus recording occurs during the Period of Egyptian Medicine Period of Indian Medicine Period of Mesopotamian medicine Period of Greek medicine

Period of Egyptian Medicine

Andreas Vasaleus was the Father of Surgery Designed the true clinical materials of the circulation of blood Theory of Contagion First man of modern science who raised the study of Anatomy

First man of modern science who raised the study of Anatomy

John Snow was responsible for the Discovery of Typhoid fever First medical officer in London responsible for sanitary reform Advanced the GERM Theory of disease Epidemiology of Cholera

Epidemiology of Cholera

Which statement is false as to the GOALS of Community Medicine? To identify health problems and needs To conduct Community Organizing To plan and implement measures To evaluate extent of effectiveness

To conduct Community Organizing

Known as the Father of Surgery. Paracelsus Ambroise Pare Fracastorius Andreas Vasaleus

Ambroise Pare

Vaccination against smallpox Edward Jenner James Lind Robert Koch Louis Pasteur

Edward Jenner

Secondary prevention are A. preventive measures that lead to an early diagnosis and prompt treatment of a disease B. preventive measures that forestall the illness or injury C. measures aimed at rehabilitation following significant pathogenesis D. all are correct

preventive measures that lead to an early diagnosis and prompt treatment of a disease

Environmental modification, lifestyle and behavioral changes re examples of primary prevention secondary prevention tertiary prevention primordial prevention

primary prevention

Screening test, case finding once found that the patient has a risk factor and the treatment is started is tertiary prevention primordial prevention primary prevention secondary prevention

secondary prevention

Which one is not a primary prevention? use of condoms during sex use of specific immunization protection against occupational hazards requesting for a pap smear

requesting for a pap smear

The patient was paralyzed from the waist down and was scheduled for periodic rehabilitation tertiary prevention secondary prevention primordial prevention primary prevention

tertiary prevention

The incoming passenger was put in a quarantine primary prevention primordial prevention tertiary prevention secondary prevention

secondary prevention

What statement is not true for family medicine? Family medicine is a family practice it is patient centered and family oriented mostly in community based clinics it is synonymous to Public Health

it is synonymous to Public Health

Branch of medicine which deals with the study of the provisions of preventive, promotive, curative rehabilitative and evaluation of services to the community through an organize health care delivery system Family Medicine Community Medicine Social Medicine Specialty Medicine

Community Medicine

Prevention of the emergence or development of risk factors in population groups in which they have not appeared yet. Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention Primordial prevention

Primordial prevention

Assurance is one of the core function in public health that does evaluating the effectiveness and quality of population based health services monitor health and disease inform and educate, empower mobilize community partnership

does evaluating the effectiveness and quality of population based health services

Vaccinating a health care worker against COVID 19 tertiary prevention primary prevention secondary prevention primordial prevention

primary prevention

Performing angioplasty in a patient with heart disease primordial prevention primary prevention secondary prevention tertiary prevention

tertiary prevention

Vector control primary prevention secondary prevention tertiary prevention all are correct

primary prevention

Selective examinations like mammography primary prevention secondary prevention tertiary prevention none of the above

secondary prevention

Use of condoms during sexual intercourse primary prevention secondary prevention tertiary prevention all of the above

primary prevention

Concerned with the health of a specific population group Community medicine Family medicine none of the above

Community medicine

Health assessment and maintenance of an individual Community Medicine Family Medicine Both are correct Option 4

Family Medicine

The members of a public health team have a continuing interest in controlling measles infection through vaccination. To estimate the level of immunity in a particular population, what type of study should they conduct? a case control study of measles infection a cross sectional survey of vaccination status a randomized trial of measles vaccination a retrospective cohort study of measles vaccination

a case control study of measles infection

There were 40 persons who attended a wedding banquet. Thirty of them experienced abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea within 12 hours. Of the 30 symptomatic guests, 20 however have fever and 10 do not. Twenty five have elevated WBC and 5 do not; 22 have eaten spaghetti and 8 did not; 6 have eaten shrimps and 24 have not. The phenomena described is a disease outbreak is caused by bacterial infection is not an outbreak because the usual pattern of disease is unknown should be investigated by the regional epidemiologic surveillance unit

is a disease outbreak

The attack rate is 20/40 25/40 22/40 30/40

30/40

An early priority in investigating the phenomena would be to establish diagnosis define a case perform a case control study submit food samples to the laboratory

define a case

The investigators suspect that the spaghetti is the source of the disease. To confirm or refute their suspicion, they should A. conduct a prospective study B. initiate active surveillance C. perform a case control study in which the cases are the guests who ate spaghetti and the controls are those who did not eat D. performs a case control study in which the cases are the guests who became ill and the controls are those who did not became ill

C. perform a case control study in which the cases are the guests who ate spaghetti and the controls are those who did not eat

The best case definition for the guests disease would be acute gastroenteritis food poisoning vomiting, diarrhea and elevated white blood cell count abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea within 12 hours

abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea within 12 hours

Suspecting that the disease is the result of a common source exposure involving contaminated food, the investigators attempt to determine which food is responsible. The INITIAL TASK IS TO analyze food specimens in the laboratory examine the food preparers interview the symptomatic guests to find out what they ate perform a case control study

interview the symptomatic guests to find out what they ate

The investigators are unable to identify a single food that was eaten by every symptomatic guest. They should conclude that the disease was not food borne conclude that the investigation without identifying the source implicate the food most eaten by those with symptoms implicate the food least eaten by those without symptoms

implicate the food most eaten by those with symptoms

If an outbreak is occurring the cases of disease are characterized by time, place and source of infection place, person and modes of transmission time, person and pattern of spread time ,place and person

time ,place and person

What do you think is not a type of intervention used to control an outbreak? sanitation diagnosis and treatment control of disease vectors health promotion like health education

health promotion like health education

Infectious diseases that have a much higher incidence in the winter and early spring months in the Northern Hemisphere of North America infectious diseases spread by respiratory route diseases that are spread by insects or arthropod vectors Infectious diseases that are spread by faecal-oral route infectious diseases that are spread by common source

infectious diseases spread by respiratory route

When a disease in a population occurs regularly and at a more or less constant level it is an epidemic it is sporadic it is endemic it is pandemic

it is endemic

Investigators of an acute disease outbreak ordinarily used a measure of disease frequency called incidence rate prevalence rate attack rate mortality and morbidity rate

attack rate

Rural health units, hospitals, laboratories, physicians are required to report disease and are given the appropriate forms and instructions active surveillance passive surveillance epidemic investigation cohort studies

passive surveillance

Process of collecting, analyzing, interpreting and reporting data concerning the incidence of death, disease, injuries and the prevalence of certain conditions, knowledge of which is important for promoting health in the public it is called outbreak investigation it is called epidemic investigation it is called surveillance it is called cohort studies

it is called surveillance

An official from the regional health office visits out patient clinics to determine the number of cases of post exposure prophylaxis for tetanus. The officials action is an example of active surveillance passive surveilance case finding secondary prevention

active surveillance

Putting a barrier to the infection within a susceptible hosts is called prophylaxis treatment cure health promotion

prophylaxis

The initial case and the case that introduced the organism into the population is called secondary case primary case index case primordial case

index case

The accurate characteristic of an epidemic involves defining the geographic location of cases. To do this we will do the following activities except spot mapping incidence rate by location might do chance clusters work for the immunization status or type of work or schooling

work for the immunization status or type of work or schooling

Following are the characteristics of common source exposure except A. many people come into contact with the same source B. most likely the source is a contaminated water or food C. the epidemic curve usually has a prolonged, irregular pattern D. the epidemic curve usually has a sudden onset, a peak and a rapid decline

C. the epidemic curve usually has a prolonged, irregular pattern

Infectious disease that are spread by the fecal-oral route are most common in the summer early autumn spring winter

summer

Steps in the evaluation of an outbreak includes the following except establishing a diagnosis developing a case definition determining whether an outbreak exists study the changing pattern of the disease

study the changing pattern of the disease

Close supervision of contacts for prompt recognition of illness WITHOUT RESTRICTING MOVEMENT quarantine surveillance detention segregation

surveillance

The occurrence in a community of a disease clearly in excess of the normal expectancy endemic pandemic sporadic epidemic

epidemic

Which of the following is the backbone of disease prevention? epidemiology demographics vital statistics health statistics

epidemiology

Herd immunity refers to prevention of disease transmission to susceptible individuals through acquired immunity in others genetic resistance to species specific immunity naturally acquired in a population high levels of antibody present in a population after an epidemic

prevention of disease transmission to susceptible individuals through acquired immunity in others

What is the level in the scientific study of disease where epidemiology is a good example level of individual patient tissue and organ level sub - molecular and molecular level level of population

level of population

For an infectious disease to occur there must be an interaction between the agent and the vector the vector and the environment the vector and the host the host and the agent

the host and the agent

The BEINGS model provides a list of factors in disease causality. Which of the following factors are explicitly included in the list? Behavioral, Environmental, Immunologic, nutritional, genetic and social factors Behavioral, Ecologic, Idiopathic, Nutritional, Genetic, Social factors Biologic, environmental, Innate, Nutritional, Genetic and synergistic factors biologic, Environmental, Immunologic, Nutritional, Genetic and synergistic factors

Behavioral, Environmental, Immunologic, nutritional, genetic and social factors

Epidemiology is broadly defined as the study of factors that influence the health of populations. The application of epidemiologic findings in population to decisions in the care of individual patients is limted to infectious disease epidemiology known as clinical epidemiology subject to ecologic fallacy limited to chronic disease epidemiology

known as clinical epidemiology

The BEINGS model is a useful paradigm for evaluating etiologic factors in disease allocating public health resources assessing the impact of herd immunity determining the role of social policy in public health

evaluating etiologic factors in disease

Which one of the following activities is beyond the scope of activities undertaken by an epidemiologist establishing modes of disease transmission preventing the disease rationing health care resources providing data for genetic counselling

rationing health care resources

Following statements are true for classical epidemiology except studies the community origin of health problems population oriented interested in discovering risk factors studies patients in health care setting

studies patients in health care setting

Which do you think is not a denominator data? there were 15 people injured in a vehicular accident there were 12 children who went into biking there were 21,000 people watching a basketball in a coliseum there were 50 people who have attended a wedding party and have partaken the food in the banquet

there were 15 people injured in a vehicular accident

Most infant deaths that occur during the first week of life are due to sepsis prematurity congenital abnormalities injuries

prematurity

Which do you think is not a biologic factor that cause a disease? bone density obesity age gender

obesity

What screening test is very important for identifying problems in a newborn? nutritional screening immunization genetic screening none of the above

genetic screening

Which is not a physical agent that may cause disease or illness? radiation heat lead noise

lead

What is the name of the causative agent that cause Lyme disease an infection transmitted by a tick? Legionella pneumophilia Hemophilus influenza Borrelia burgdorferi Pneumocystis carinii

Borrelia burgdorferi

The methods of clinical epidemiology frequently are used to determine the most effective treatment in a given situation process of identifying the nature and cause of disease methods of risk estimation probable course or outcome of the disease

most effective treatment in a given situation

The most common cause of cardiovascular disease is coronary artery disease congenital heart disease valvular heart disease aortic aneurysm

coronary artery disease

To be effective in prevention and control of the spread of communicable diseases, physicians should strengthen skills and knowledge on data analysis community diagnosis rehabilitation of patient health education

health education

Often used as an overall index of the health status of a nation neonatal mortality rate maternal mortality rate infant mortality rate crude death rate

infant mortality rate

Number of pregnancy related deaths divided by the number of live births maternal mortality rate prevalence rate standardized mortality rate neonatal mortality rate

maternal mortality rate

Most important behavior change for improving health diet modification exercise smoking cessation breastfeeding

smoking cessation

This would not reduce the frequency and seriousness of INFECTIOUS diseases pure water supply solid wastes disposed in a sanitary manner arthropod and animal vector of disease is controlled changes in lifestyle

changes in lifestyle

A more or less COMPLETE COUNT OF INDIVIDUALS WITHIN a given geographic area at a specified instant of time CENSUS SURVEY DEMOGRAPHY POPULATION REGISTER

CENSUS

Some 1450 persons are in a population. Forty six (46) persons died. 64% of those who died were age 55 years and above. What is the crude death rate? 2.03% 3.17% 70% 72%

3.17% 46 / 1450

The observation of events in the community are presented in the form of tables/graphs. Which of the following graphs is best to use in presenting trends of birth and deaths over a period of time pie graph line graph frequency polygon bar graph

line graph

Factors that will lead to a healthy life nutrition, environment, genes environment, genes, age genes, age, nutrition environment, human behavior, nutrition

environment, human behavior, nutrition

What vitamin fortified in milk that has largely eliminated rickets? iodized salt fluoride in water enrichment of cereal grain products with folic acid vitamin D milk

vitamin D milk

There are 86 students in the college of medicine. During March and April, 26 students were absent with chickenpox. What is the attack rate? 30.23% 20.23% 40.23% 32.23%

30.23% 26 / 86

Of the 45 total cases of chickenpox 3 died. Calculate the case fatality ratio for chickenpox in this epidemic. 66.6% 6.66% 16.66% 26.66%

6.66% = 3 / 45

Number of new cases over a defined period divided by the mid-period population at risk Incidence rate prevalence rate relative risk Odd's ratio

Incidence rate

A total of 97 neonatal cases were admitted in a certain hospital from January to June 2021. 71% were males and 29% were female. There were 37 deaths. What was the case fatality ratio of neonatal tetanus? 30% 38% 70% 72%

38% = 37 / 97

There were 450 deliveries in a certain small town at the end of 2020 in a population of 145,000. Thirty of these deliveries were stillbirths and 420 are live births. Compute for the **CRUDE BIRTH RATE. ** 2.88/1,000 pop. 28.88 / 1,000 pop. 288.88 / 1,000 pop. 4.22 / 1,000 pop.

2.88/1,000 pop 420 / 145 000 (x1000)

At the end of 2020, a total of 39 deaths among ages 1 month to 11 months and 15 stillbirths were also recorded. The total live births for that year was 675 and the mid-year population was 585,000. Compute for the Infant Mortality Rate per 1,000. 80 57 66 .066

57 39 / 675 (x1000)

At the end of 2020, the neonatal death was 2100, infant death was 3100, and 45,000 was due to accidents. The remaining 264,000 was due to the other top leading causes of mortality. The mid-year population was 80 million. Compute for the CRUDE DEATH RATE per 1,000. pop. 3.3 / 1,000 pop. 3.92/1,000 pop. 33 / 1000 pop. 39.2 / 1000 pop.

3.92/1,000 pop. = 2100+3100+45 000+264 000 / 80M (X1000)

There were 456 new COVID cases at the end of 2020 in a municipality with a population of 35,000. Compute for the incidence rate in %. 1.30 11.30 0.30 none of the above

1.30 456 / 35 000 (x100)

At the end of 2020, pregnant mothers cause of death at the time of delivery were recorded and distributed in the following: hemorrhage 28, sepsis 19, eclampsia 12, complications from other diseases like heart disease and diabetes mellitus 4, accident in going to the hospital for delivery 3, bleeding sustained by the pregnant mother when she slides in the bathroom 3. There were 180,000 live births during the year and the population is 3.3 million. COMPUTE FOR THE MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE per 100,000. 38.33 36.66 35.00 3.66

35.00 28+19+12+4 / 180,000 X 100,000

Which statement is not true for classical epidemiology? studies the community origin of health problem population oriented interested in discovering risk factors study patients in health care settings

study patients in health care settings

What do you call the scientific study of disease at the level of the population? clinical medicine tissue or organ level epidemiology sub-molecular or molecular level

epidemiology

What do you call a disease process that has begun but is still asymptomatic? pre-disease symptomatic latent stage all are correct

latent stage

What do you call an epidemic curve that usually has a prolong period and irregular pattern? common source exposure person to person spread propagated outbreak B and C is correct

propagated outbreak

Early intervention may prevent exposure to the agent of disease preventing the disease process from starting secondary prevention tertiary prevention fourth prevention primary prevention

primary prevention

All of these are true statements for perinatal mortality rate except stillbirths are included in the numerator it also includes death during the first 28 days of life in the numerator Live births are included in the denominator stillbirths are also included in the denominator

stillbirths are also included in the denominator

What health program should it be emphasized when the infant mortality rate is high? Communicable Disease Prevention and Control Program Nutrition Program Maternal and Child Health Program Expanded Program on Immunization

Maternal and Child Health Program

Occurs when a dead fetus is delivered within the first 20 weeks of gestation miscarriage intermediate fetal death still birth late foetal death

miscarriage

Which of the following tell us how many babies born alive would die before reaching one year of age in a given place and time? specific child death rate infant mortality rate neonatal mortality rate post natal mortality rate

infant mortality rate

During a given year 25 cases of disease x are detected in a population of 85,000 college students. Many more students have mild symptoms of the disease, such as persistent daydreams. Of the 25 detected cases, 11 result in death. The ratio 11/25 represents crude death rate the pathogenicity standardized mortality ratio case fatality ratio

case fatality ratio

To report the incidence rate of disease x in the preceding number, it would be necessary to know the duration of the clinical illness the mid-year population the case fatality ratio the crude death rate

the mid-year population

For initial health problem like childhood infections the ideal solution would be improved sanitation control of vectors like Aedes egypti for dengue fever erection of large health centers and hospital vaccination

vaccination

The methods of clinical epidemiology frequently are used to determine the most effective treatment in a given situation process of identifying the nature of the cause of disease methods of risk estimation probable course or outcome of a disease

most effective treatment in a given situation

Infected disease that are spread by the fecal- oral route are most common in the summer early autumn spring winter

summer

A patient is exposed to Hepatitis B. Human Immunoglobulin was administered after the exposure. What type of immunity the patient will develop? cross reactivity passive immunity active immunity vaccines hypersensitivity

passive immunity

This vaccine would likely be dangerous to a person with immunodeficiency when given Diptheria vaccine Hepatitis b vaccine tetanus vaccine measles vaccine

measles vaccine

What seeks to enhance the lives of individuals by helping them improve their health? Preventive Medicine Public Health Family Medicine Clinical Medicine

Preventive Medicine

Aims to reduce the complication including disability and handicap secondary prevention primary prevention tertiary prevention primordial prevention

tertiary prevention

Promote health in a population through the application of organized community efforts Preventive medicine Clinical medicine Public health all of the above

Public health

A measure of health status that incorporates life expectancy and the perceived impact of illness and its disability Quality Adjusted Life Years (QUALY)) Health Life Expectancy Mortality rates Health Profile

Quality Adjusted Life Years (QUALY))

Represents a window of opportunity during which detection followed by treatment provides a better chance of cure pre-disease stage symptomatic stage hidden stage all of the above are correct

hidden stage

Interrupt the disease process before it becomes symptomatic secondary prevention primary prevention tertiary prevention (symptomatic) No prevention

secondary prevention

The disease that has been successfully eradicated by immunization poliomyelitis measles chicken pox smallpox

smallpox

Folic acid has eliminated goiter has eliminated rickets has reduced the incidence of dental caries has prevented neural tube defect

has prevented neural tube defect

A patient was bitten by a dog. Post exposure rabies immunoglobulin was administered. What type of immunity the patient will develop? natural active immunity artificial active immunity natural passive immunity artificial passive immunity

artificial passive immunity

Artificial passive acquired immunity would result from having the measles ingestion of colostrum receiving a gamma globulin injection receiving a vaccine

receiving a gamma globulin injection

Vaccines that are used to protect people from diphtheria and tetanus antitoxins attenuated vaccines inactivated vaccines toxoids

toxoids

The goal of secondary prevention is the detection of disease or risk factors in the pre-disease stage pre-symptomatic stage symptomatic stage post disability stage

pre-symptomatic stage

Which statement is not true for passive acquired immunity? antibodies formed from one person are transferred to another t protect the latter from infection receive antibodies rather than produce them immunity is temporary from 3 to 6 months resistance to infection is permanent

resistance to infection is permanent

Most effective vaccine is a vaccine from living organisms and these are called inactivated killed vaccine toxoid vaccine prepared from exotoxin that have been inactivated live attenuated or weakened vaccine antitoxins

live attenuated or weakened vaccine

Immunity that is acquired in response to vaccines natural active acquired immunity artificial active acquired immunity natural passive acquired immunity artificial passive acquired immunity

artificial active acquired immunity

An example of secondary prevention is detection and treatment of hypertension early treatment of diabetic nephropathy folic acid supplementation of food vaccination against hepatitis B

detection and treatment of hypertension

The approval of the varicella vaccine and the decision to provide it routinely to children were most clearly supported by evidence about the effects of the vaccine on herd immunity evidence of the protective efficacy of the vaccine evidence regarding the duration of immunity evidence about the effects of the vaccine on the occurrence of herpes zoster

evidence of the protective efficacy of the vaccine

Factors that influence or known as determinants of our health environment, behavior and nutrition environment , genes and age genes, age and nutrition nutrition, environment and age

environment, behavior and nutrition

Which one is not the goal of immunization? elimination of disease treatment of disease eradication of disease control of disease to reduce mortality and morbidity

treatment of disease

What do you think is the basic goal of epidemiologic research? compare two groups that differ in terms of exposure and outcome eliminate all biases establish causality reject null hypothesis

compare two groups that differ in terms of exposure and outcome

A pregnant mother was given tetanus toxoid natural passive acquired immunity artificial passive acquired immunity natural active acquired immunity artificial active acquired immunity

artificial active acquired immunity

What are the two high risk factors that will result to a cardiovascular disease within 8 years on a 45 year old man? smoker and high cholesterol level smoker and severe hypertension glucose intolerance and high cholesterol level severe hypertension and high cholesterol level

severe hypertension and high cholesterol level

Most common cause of cardiovascular disease coronary artery disease valvular heart disease congenital heart disease aortic aneurysm

coronary artery disease

Close supervision of contacts for prompt recognition of illness by restricting their movement quarantine surveillance detention segregation

quarantine

What type of analysis will you use if we want to measure in terms of the number of injuries, illnesses or deaths prevented? cost effective analysis cost benefit analysis meta analysis none of the above

cost effective analysis

Which one will not reduce the frequency and seriousness of infectious diseases? pure water supply solid wastes disposal in a sanitary manner arthropod and animal vector of diseases are controlled changes in lifestyle

changes in lifestyle

Which intervention constitutes secondary prevention as a component of pre-natal care? performing a non-stress test before parturition performing pelvic ultrasound examination during the second trimester of pregnancy screening for and treating gestational diabetes screening for rubella antibodies

screening for and treating gestational diabetes

A severe malnutrition due to deficiencies in all nutrients usually due to poverty and scarcity of food and the child looks older kwashiorkor starvation marasmus all are correct

marasmus

Which type of activities that falls under the umbrella of HEALTH PROMOTION? SCREENING AND CASE FINDING DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND PREVENTION HEALTH EDUCATION, HEALTH LEGISLATION AND HEALTH MAINTENANCE ACTION ALL OF THE ABOVE IS CORRECT

HEALTH EDUCATION, HEALTH LEGISLATION AND HEALTH MAINTENANCE ACTION

What is the best explanation for the high prevalence of obesity in the U.S.A.? an innate preference for sweet food, compounded by insulin resistance a high calorie diet and a sedentary lifestyle a deficiency of dietary fiber and excess protein a genetic defect resulting in low basal metabolism

a high calorie diet and a sedentary lifestyle

A statement that does not apply to kwashiorkor often called an edematous malnutrition develop during the weaning process caused by lack of protein in the diet result in deficiencies in all nutrients

result in deficiencies in all nutrients

When the body mass index (BMI) is in the range of 36 to 38. overweight class I obese class III obese class II obese

class II obese

Kills vegetative form of micro-organisms fluoride chlorine aluminum sulfate flocculent coagulates

chlorine

Most important behavior change for improving health diet modification exercise smoking cessation breastfeeding

smoking cessation

A patient was bitten by a dog. Post exposure rabies immunoglobulin was administered. What type of immunity the patient will develop? cross reactivity active artificial immunity passive natural immunity passive artificial immunity

passive artificial immunity

Which one is not an objective of a screening program? treatment to reduce mortality treatment to reduce complications to provide health promotion activities treatment to eradicate infection and prevent its spread

to provide health promotion activities

A patient is exposed to Hepatitis B. Human immune globulin was administered after the exposure. What type of immunity the patient will develop? cross reactivity passive immunity active immunity hypersensitivity

passive immunity

In which of the following ways is health promotion distinguished from disease prevention? only health promotion can begin before a disease becomes symptomatic only health promotion involves materials and methods that are generally non-medical only health promotion is targeted at populations rather than individuals only health promotion is applied when a disease has developed

only health promotion involves materials and methods that are generally non-medical

Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention? prescription drug therapy for symptoms of menopause physical therapy after lumbar disc herniation thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction cholesterol reduction in a patient with asymptomatic coronary artery disease

cholesterol reduction in a patient with asymptomatic coronary artery disease

Most frequent site of serious contact with environmental hazards is the eye GIT lungs Other:

lungs

An indoor air pollutant of greatest public health importance is carbon monoxide dust tobacco smoke radon

tobacco smoke

A visceral protein malnutrition that tends to occur in developing nations during the weaning of children from breast milk is known as anasarca cachexia kwashiorkor marasmus

kwashiorkor

Of the following environmental hazards, the only one categorized as a non-threshold hazard is carbon monoxide lead noise ionizing radiation

ionizing radiation

Ames test is used to estimate the mutagenic potential of a chemical quantify radiation exposure determine antibiotic susceptibility establish environmental standards for heavy metals

estimate the mutagenic potential of a chemical

Symptomatic stage prevention attempts to halt or limit the future progression of disease. The strategies of symptomatic stage prevention include all of the following except modification of diet modification of behavior modification of environment modification of age

modification of age

Specific protection against malaria is provided by mosquito repellent passive immunization vitamin A supplementation antimicrobial prophylaxis

antimicrobial prophylaxis

To increase the understanding of the FACTORS CONTRIBUTINGTO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DISEASE do health legislation do health prevention do health education NONE OF THE ABOVE

do health education

What is an example of tertiary prevention? hospice care occupational therapy after a stroke (CVA) total cholesterol levels do not correlate with risk in contrast to triglyceride levels total cholesterol levels vary with meals

occupational therapy after a stroke (CVA)

Under what circumstances can primary and tertiary prevention be achieved concurrently? never because primary and tertiary prevention are mutually exclusive when a patient is treated for hip fracture when a patient is treated for active tuberculosis when a patient is treated for myocardial infarction

when a patient is treated for active tuberculosis

In the methods of Environmental Modification the most preferred is preventing contact between people and the environmental hazards water sanitation control of disease vectors eliminating or reducing the offending agent

eliminating or reducing the offending agent

Pasteurization of milk is what level of prevention primary level primordial level secondary level tertiary level

primary level

Which program is an example secondary prevention? a community wide nutrition program at fast food establishments a program to immunize persons exposed to infectious disease Alcoholic Anonymous an exercise program for persons who have a stroke

Alcoholic Anonymous

Which one is an example of primary prevention? Pap smear to identify disease at an early stage radiation sensitive badges for workers in x-ray units control of pre-eclampsia during pregnancy folic acid supplementation of foods

folic acid supplementation of foods

Which one is an example of secondary prevention testing donated blood for HIV antibodies maintaining a continuous supply of drug needed to treat TB a patient was brought to the ER of urticaria associated with difficulty of breathing after being bitten by a bee then anti histamine drug was injected chlorination which is the last stage of water treatment

testing donated blood for HIV antibodies

Which one is an example of tertiary prevention? prescription drug therapy for symptoms of menopause pneumococcal vaccine in a patient who has undergone splenectomy detection and treatment of hypertension post exposure prophylaxis with immunoglobulin

prescription drug therapy for symptoms of menopause

Maternal antibodies pass on to the child natural passive acquired immunity natural active acquired immunity artificial passive acquired immunity artificial active acquired immunity

natural passive acquired immunity

One of these is an example of artificial active acquired immunity a DPT vaccine was given tetanus antitoxin was given to a child who has a punctured wound patient had a history of mumps a patient was bitten by a snake , an anti venom was administered

a DPT vaccine was given

Encouraging the mother to continue breastfeed her baby health education health legislation health maintenance none of the above

health maintenance

Recommending regular physical activity to a patient with no known medical problems health promotion secondary prevention specific protection tertiary prevention

health promotion

Which of these is an example of specific protection? vaccinating a health care worker against hepatitis B Giving INH for one year to a 28 year old medical student whose result in the tuberculin skin test recently converted from negative to positive performing carotid angiography in a patient with coronary artery disease none of the above

vaccinating a health care worker against hepatitis B

All population have access to appropriate and cost effective care Assessment Policy Development Assurance All of the above is correct

Assurance