PBL 7

Question 1

What are the lungs divided into lobes by?

Answer 1

transverse and oblique fissures

Question 2

How many lobes are in the right lung?

Answer 2

3

Question 3

How many lobes are in the left lung?

Answer 3

2

Question 4

What happens at the hilum?

Answer 4

The vessels, nerves and lymphatics enter the lungs`

Question 5

Where do the vessels nerves and lymphatics enter the lungs?

Answer 5

The lung root or hilum

Question 6

What are the lobes divided into?

Answer 6

Wedge shaped bronchopulmonary segments

Question 7

Where are the apices of the bronchopulmonary segments?

Answer 7

The hilum

Question 8

Where are the bases of the bronchopulmonary segments?

Answer 8

Lung surface

Question 9

What are the broncopulmonary segments supplied by?

Answer 9

Its own segmental bronchus, artery and vein

Question 10

What is the apex?

Answer 10

The most superior tip of each lung. It protrudes above the clavicle

Question 11

What is the base?

Answer 11

The inferior concave surface that rests on the diaphragm

Question 12

What is the hilum?

Answer 12

The triangular region on the medial surface of the lung

Question 13

What are fissures?

Answer 13

Narrow depressions that divide the left and right lungs into their lobes

Question 14

What is the cardiac impression?

Answer 14

A concavity situated on the anteroinferior and medial surface of each lung, in which the heart rests

Question 15

What are pleura?

Answer 15

The double sheet of membrane that covers the lungs. Each lung has its own pluera

Question 16

What are the two types of pleura called?

Answer 16

Visceral and parietal

Question 17

What is the visceral pleura?

Answer 17

The innermost layer that adheres closely to the surface of the lung and into the interlobar fissures

Question 18

What is the parietal pleura?

Answer 18

The outer layer which lines the thoracic wall, diaphragm and structures within the mediastinum

Question 19

What is the pleural cavity?

Answer 19

The space between the two membranes

Question 20

What should the pleural cavity be in a normal person?

Answer 20

It should be a potential space as both layers are in close contact

Question 21

What happens with the pleura during respiration?

Answer 21

The layers slide over each other with the help of pleural fluid.

Question 22

What are alveoli?

Answer 22

Tiny, thin walled air sacs with a rich blood supply.

Question 23

How thick are the walls of alveoli?

Answer 23

Just one cell thick, as are the capillaries that surround them allowing for easier diffusion of gases

Question 24

What are alveolar ducts?

Answer 24

Present on the distal end of respirator bronchioles. They branch into alveolar sacs.

Question 25

What are alveolar sacs?

Answer 25

The terminal dilation’s of the alveolar ducts. They connect at least two alveoli

Question 26

What does the upper respiratory tract consist of?

Answer 26

The nasal cavity, pharynx and their associated structures

Question 27

Where does air enter the respiratory tract?

Answer 27

The nasal cavity through two openings called the anterior nares (nostrils)

Question 28

What are the anterior nares supported by?

Answer 28

The alar cartilages

Question 29

What is the vestibule?

Answer 29

A small space inside the nostrils, covered in a dense network of hair,which filters out particles that maybe present in the inhaled air

Question 30

Where does the air go after the nasal cavity?

Answer 30

Backward and downwards into the pharynx

Question 31

What does the pharynx consist of?

Answer 31

Nasopharynx,oropharynx and laryngopharynx

Question 32

What is the Nasopharynx?

Answer 32

Connects the nasal cavity to the oropharynx and is seperated from the oral cavity by the soft palate

Question 33

What is the oropharynx?

Answer 33

Sits between the soft palate and the upper border of the epiglottis, and posterior to the oral cavity

Question 34

What is the layrngopharynx?

Answer 34

Lies behind the larynx and terminates at the level of the cricoid cartilage by becoming continuous with the esophagus.