PBL 7 Flashcards
What are the lungs divided into lobes by?
transverse and oblique fissures
How many lobes are in the right lung?
3
How many lobes are in the left lung?
2
What happens at the hilum?
The vessels, nerves and lymphatics enter the lungs`
Where do the vessels nerves and lymphatics enter the lungs?
The lung root or hilum
What are the lobes divided into?
Wedge shaped bronchopulmonary segments
Where are the apices of the bronchopulmonary segments?
The hilum
Where are the bases of the bronchopulmonary segments?
Lung surface
What are the broncopulmonary segments supplied by?
Its own segmental bronchus, artery and vein
What is the apex?
The most superior tip of each lung. It protrudes above the clavicle
What is the base?
The inferior concave surface that rests on the diaphragm
What is the hilum?
The triangular region on the medial surface of the lung
What are fissures?
Narrow depressions that divide the left and right lungs into their lobes
What is the cardiac impression?
A concavity situated on the anteroinferior and medial surface of each lung, in which the heart rests
What are pleura?
The double sheet of membrane that covers the lungs. Each lung has its own pluera
What are the two types of pleura called?
Visceral and parietal
What is the visceral pleura?
The innermost layer that adheres closely to the surface of the lung and into the interlobar fissures
What is the parietal pleura?
The outer layer which lines the thoracic wall, diaphragm and structures within the mediastinum
What is the pleural cavity?
The space between the two membranes
What should the pleural cavity be in a normal person?
It should be a potential space as both layers are in close contact
What happens with the pleura during respiration?
The layers slide over each other with the help of pleural fluid.
What are alveoli?
Tiny, thin walled air sacs with a rich blood supply.
How thick are the walls of alveoli?
Just one cell thick, as are the capillaries that surround them allowing for easier diffusion of gases
What are alveolar ducts?
Present on the distal end of respirator bronchioles. They branch into alveolar sacs.
What are alveolar sacs?
The terminal dilation’s of the alveolar ducts. They connect at least two alveoli
What does the upper respiratory tract consist of?
The nasal cavity, pharynx and their associated structures
Where does air enter the respiratory tract?
The nasal cavity through two openings called the anterior nares (nostrils)
What are the anterior nares supported by?
The alar cartilages
What is the vestibule?
A small space inside the nostrils, covered in a dense network of hair,which filters out particles that maybe present in the inhaled air
Where does the air go after the nasal cavity?
Backward and downwards into the pharynx
What does the pharynx consist of?
Nasopharynx,oropharynx and laryngopharynx
What is the Nasopharynx?
Connects the nasal cavity to the oropharynx and is seperated from the oral cavity by the soft palate
What is the oropharynx?
Sits between the soft palate and the upper border of the epiglottis, and posterior to the oral cavity
What is the layrngopharynx?
Lies behind the larynx and terminates at the level of the cricoid cartilage by becoming continuous with the esophagus.
