PBL 2 Flashcards
how can differentiate types of joints be classified?
depending on tissue type or degree of movement
what are fibrous joints? how can they be further classified?
when bones are bound by tough, fibrous tissue
sutures, gomphoses, syndesmoses
what are sutures?
immovable joints between the flat bones of the skull (a type of fibrous joint)
what are gomphoses?
immovable joints where teeth articulate with their sockets
what are syndesmoses?
slightly moveable joints which are comprised of bones held together bu an interosseous membrane
what is an interosseous membrane?
a thick dense fibrous sheet of connective tissue that spans the space between two bones
what are cartilaginous joints?
how are they further classified?
where bones are united by hyaline or fibrocartilage
the 2 main types are synchondroses and symphyses
what are synchondrosis?
bones connected by hyaline cartilage. immovable joints
what are symphyses?
bones connected by fibrocartilage. joints are slightly moveable
what are synovial joints? what are the different types?
a joint with the presence of a fluid-filled joint cavity contained within a fibrous capsule
hinge, saddle, plane, pivot, condyloid, ball and socket
what is a synarthrosis joint?
immovable joint
what is an amphiarthrosis joint?
slightly moveable joint
what is a diarthrosis joint?
freely moveable joint
describe the embryological development of joints?
an intervene forms where the future joint will be. the cells here differentiate into chondrocytes and apoptosis occurs. the cells either side of the intervene are now separated and a space forms between them
what is developmental dysplasia of the hip?
when the femoral head dislocates out of the acetabulum and the ball and socket joint grow out of proportion to eachother
what are some possible causes of DDH?
too much mechanical force against the metal thigh e.g. when baby lies in breech or when there isn’t enough amniotic fluid to fill the cavity
what are symptoms of DDH in babies?
legs of unequal length
asymmetric skin folds around the groin
what are symptoms of DDH in children and adults?
children- painless limping and a waddling gait
adults- painful osteoarthritis
what is the Barlow manoeuvre?
adducting hip while holding the knee straight. if the femoral head pops out of the socket then it could be hip dysplasia
what is the ortolani manoeuvre?
flexing baby’s hip at 90 degrees and genty abducting it. if the femoral head was out of the socket then it would slip back into the acetabulum causing a clunking sound.
how can DDH be diagnosed?
below manoeuvre, ortolani manoeuvre, x-rays and ultrasounds
under the age of 6 months, what is the treatment for DDH?
abduction splint (pavlik harness), holds femoral head within socket for 1-2 months
over the age of 6 months, what is the treatment for DDH?
reduction under anesthesia to manually reduce the femoral head back into the acetabulum. surgery may be needed
what are the 6 primary activities of daily living?
ambulating feeding dressing personal hygiene continence toileting
