PBL 2 Flashcards
Outline the HIV life cycle?
bindng - HIV virus binds to the host cell
Fusion - virus fuses with cell membrane allowing contents to enter the cell
Reverse transcription - HIV RNA is converted to DNA
Integration - integrase enzyme allows HIV DNA to be integrated into host DNA
Replication - more HIV is created
Assembly - HIV proteins and RNA move to cell surface and are assembled into immature HIV
Budding - immature HIV is pushed out of the cell and proteases activate it into mature infectious HIV
what happens in the acute phase of HIV?
the immediate weeks after intil infection where the virus rapidly mulitplies and spreads, attacking CD4 cells. HIV levels are very high and theres a drop in CD4 count
antibodies to HIV are produced during the early weeks of infection creating flu-like symptoms
what happens in the chronic latent stage of HIV?
the body develops antibodies, slowing the viral replication
patients are usually asymptomatic but may experience minor symptoms as their CD4 count is slowly decreasng
what is AIDS?
without treatment, chronic infection progresses to AIDS in 8-10 years on average. The immune system is sevrrely damaged an unable to fight infections
people who have a CD4 count of <200 cells/mm cubed or develop certain opportunistic infectuns or cancers are diagnosed with AIDS
what are common opportunistic infections of HIV?
candidiasis coccidioidomycosis cryptococcosis cryptosporidiasosis crystoisosporiasis cytomegalovirus encephalopathy herepes symplex virus histoplasmosis tuberculosis mycobacterium avium complex pneumocystis pneumonia pneumonia progressive multifocal leukocencephalopathy salmonella septicemia toxoplasmosis
what are some AIDS-defining cancers?
kaposi sarcoma
aggressive B cell non-hodgkin lymphoma
cervical cancer
what is cryptococcosis?
a fungal infection caused by inhaling cryptococcus neoformans found in soils enriched with pigeon droppings
what is coccidioidomycosis
aka valley fever - caused by the fungus coccndioides in soil in SW US, mexico, central and south america
what is • Cryptosporidiosis?
a highly contagious intestinal infection resulting from exposure to cryptosporidium parasites
what is Cystoisosporiasis?
an intestinal disease caused by cystoisospora belli
what is • Encephalopathy?
damage or disease that affects the brain - altered mntal state, confusion and acting differently
what is histoplasmosis?
infection caused by the histoplasma fungus thats found in soil containing large amounts of bird or bat droppings
what is Kaposi sarcoma?
a rare type of cancer caused by a virus that affects the skin and the mouth
whos at risk of kaposis sarcoma?
those with immunosuppression
people with a genetic vulnerability to the virus that causes it (human herpesvirus 8)
what is Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia?
a fungal infection of the lungs caused by pneumocystis jirovecii
