PBL 1 Flashcards
how many males and females will be diagnosed with lung cancer in their lifetime?
1/13 males
1/15 females
what proportion of primary lung malignancies does lung carcinoma make up?
> 90%
what is the leading cause of cancer mortality in men and women?
lung carcinoma
what are carcinomas?
a type of cancer that starts in cells that make up the skin or the tissue lining organs
whats the 5 year survival rate for small cell carcinoma?
7%
whats the 5 year survival rate for localized non-small cell carcinoma?
63%
what dos SPIKES stand for?
setting up perception invitation knowledges emotions strategyb
what does ABCDE stand for in the model for breaking bad news?
advanced preparation building a therapeutic relationship communicate well deal with patient and family reactions encourage and validate emotions
what are some key tips for breaking bad news?
be frank be compassionate avoid euphamisms and medical jargon allow for silence and tears proceed at the patients pace get the patient to describe their understanding of the news allow time to answer questions provide written information
what microorganism is most likely to cause tonsillitis?
streptococcus pyogenes
what microorganism is most likely to cause pharyngitis?
streptococcus pyogenes
what microorganism is most likely to cause laryngitis?
streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilis influenza, moraxella catarrhalis
what microorganism is most likely to cause epiglottis?
haemophilus influenza type b
what microorganism is most likely to cause sinusitis?
streptococcus pnuemoniae or haemophilus influenzae
what microorganism is most likely to cause influenza?
influenza virus
what microorganism is most likely to cause otitis media?
streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae or moraxella cattarrhalis
what microorganism is most likely to cause the common cold?
rhinoviruses
what microorganism is most likely to cause croup?
parainfluenza virus
what microorganism is most likely to cause bronchitis?
rhinovirus, adenovirus, influenza A and B, and parainfluenza virus
what microorganism is most likely to cause bronchiolitis?
respiratory syncytial virus but can also be parainfluenza virus or adenovirus
what are the main types of chets infection?
bronchitis or pneumonia
which virus is most likely to cause pneumonia?
influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2
which bacteria are most liely to cause pnuemonia?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
which fungi are most liely to cause pneumonia?
Pneumocystis, Cryptococcus, or Aspergillus
which microorganism is most likelt to cause TB?
mycobacterium tuberculosis
which microorganism is most likley to cause whooping cough?
bordatella pertussis
