PBL 1

Question 1

how many males and females will be diagnosed with lung cancer in their lifetime?

Answer 1

1/13 males

1/15 females

Question 2

what proportion of primary lung malignancies does lung carcinoma make up?

Answer 2

> 90%

Question 3

what is the leading cause of cancer mortality in men and women?

Answer 3

lung carcinoma

Question 4

what are carcinomas?

Answer 4

a type of cancer that starts in cells that make up the skin or the tissue lining organs

Question 5

whats the 5 year survival rate for small cell carcinoma?

Answer 5

7%

Question 6

whats the 5 year survival rate for localized non-small cell carcinoma?

Answer 6

63%

Question 7

what dos SPIKES stand for?

Answer 7

setting up
perception
invitation
knowledges
emotions
strategyb

Question 8

what does ABCDE stand for in the model for breaking bad news?

Answer 8

advanced preparation
building a therapeutic relationship
communicate well
deal with patient and family reactions
encourage and validate emotions

Question 9

what are some key tips for breaking bad news?

Answer 9

be frank
be compassionate
avoid euphamisms and medical jargon
allow for silence and tears
proceed at the patients pace
get the patient to describe their understanding of the news
allow time to answer questions
provide written information

Question 10

what microorganism is most likely to cause tonsillitis?

Answer 10

streptococcus pyogenes

Question 11

what microorganism is most likely to cause pharyngitis?

Answer 11

streptococcus pyogenes

Question 12

what microorganism is most likely to cause laryngitis?

Answer 12

streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilis influenza, moraxella catarrhalis

Question 13

what microorganism is most likely to cause epiglottis?

Answer 13

haemophilus influenza type b

Question 14

what microorganism is most likely to cause sinusitis?

Answer 14

streptococcus pnuemoniae or haemophilus influenzae

Question 15

what microorganism is most likely to cause influenza?

Answer 15

influenza virus

Question 16

what microorganism is most likely to cause otitis media?

Answer 16

streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae or moraxella cattarrhalis

Question 17

what microorganism is most likely to cause the common cold?

Answer 17

rhinoviruses

Question 18

what microorganism is most likely to cause croup?

Answer 18

parainfluenza virus

Question 19

what microorganism is most likely to cause bronchitis?

Answer 19

rhinovirus, adenovirus, influenza A and B, and parainfluenza virus

Question 20

what microorganism is most likely to cause bronchiolitis?

Answer 20

respiratory syncytial virus but can also be parainfluenza virus or adenovirus

Question 21

what are the main types of chets infection?

Answer 21

bronchitis or pneumonia

Question 22

which virus is most likely to cause pneumonia?

Answer 22

influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2

Question 23

which bacteria are most liely to cause pnuemonia?

Answer 23

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 24

which fungi are most liely to cause pneumonia?

Answer 24

Pneumocystis, Cryptococcus, or Aspergillus

Question 25

which microorganism is most likelt to cause TB?

Answer 25

mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 26

which microorganism is most likley to cause whooping cough?

Answer 26

bordatella pertussis