PBL 2 Flashcards
outline the gross anatomy of the breasts?
circular body of the breast with the axillary tail
at the centre of the breast is the nipple which is surrounded by areolae
outline the gross anatomy of the breasts?
circular body of the breast with the axillary tail
at the centre of the breast is the nipple which is surrounded by areolae
outline the gross anatomy of the breasts?
circular body of the breast with the axillary tail
at the centre of the breast is the nipple which is surrounded by areolae
outline the gross anatomy of the breasts?
circular body of the breast with the axillary tail
at the centre of the breast is the nipple which is surrounded by areolae
what are the tubercles of Montgomery?
sebaceous glands that appear as small bumps around the dark area of the nipple
what’s the function of tubercle of Montgomery?
to produce sebum to lubricate the nipple, prevent infections and secrete pheromones attract the baby for latching
what is within a breast lobule?
alveoli, capillaries, venues and arterioles
describe the structure of the alveoli in lobules?
they’re ballon-like structures with lactocytes and surrounded by my-epithelial cells
what is the connective tissue surrounded the mammary gland?
suspensory ligaments
what prevents significant lactation during pregnancy?
high oestrogen and progesterone levels - once placenta is delivered and stops producing these hormones lactation can begin
what are the 2 hormones responsible for milk production?
oxytocin and prolactin
outline the physiology of milk production
sucking -> stimulation of mechano receptors in nipple -> hypothalamus reduces secretion of dopamine and increases promotion of prolactin from anterior pituitary -> stimulation of milk production
outline the physiology of the let down reflex?
suckling -> hypothalamus causes oxytocin to be released from posterior pituitary -> my-epithelial cells contract -> milk is squeezed out
why does milk emptying cause milk filling?
the result of emptying of alveoli causes prolactin to activate prolactin receptors on walls of lactocytes to produce more milk
outline the role of feedback inhibitor of lactation FIL?
it increases in concentration in breasts if milk isnt removed so it inhibits milk synthesis by antagonising prolactin’s effects
what is mastitis?
inflammation of the breast which can be infectious or non-infectious
what is puerperal mastitis?
mastitis that occurs during period of breast feeding
what is chronic cystic mastitis?
benign changes in breast tissue. These changes may include irregular lumps or cysts, breast discomfort, sensitive nipples, and itching. These symptoms may change throughout the menstrual cycle and usually stop after menopause.
what are the advantage to breast milk?
free
different tastes from mother’s food so child more easily moves into solid foods
burns calories and shrinks uterus
more digestible
strengthens bond between mother and child
contains antibodies/B and T cells
convenient
what are disadvantages to breast milk?
very taxing on mother
other parent feels not as involved/bonded
latch on pain
woman needs to be aware of what she eats/drinks/meds she takes
what are benefits of formula milk?
sterile, contains vit D, convenaient as either parent can feed, no need to find a private place to feed, no need to worry about what mother eats/drinks/meds takes, less digestible for baby so they need to eat less often
what are some disadvantages to formula milk?
require planning
costly
formula fed babies have more gas and firmer bowel movement
