PBL 2

Question 1

outline the gross anatomy of the breasts?

Answer 1

circular body of the breast with the axillary tail

at the centre of the breast is the nipple which is surrounded by areolae

Question 1

outline the gross anatomy of the breasts?

Answer 1

circular body of the breast with the axillary tail

at the centre of the breast is the nipple which is surrounded by areolae

Question 2

outline the gross anatomy of the breasts?

Answer 2

circular body of the breast with the axillary tail

at the centre of the breast is the nipple which is surrounded by areolae

Question 2

outline the gross anatomy of the breasts?

Answer 2

circular body of the breast with the axillary tail

at the centre of the breast is the nipple which is surrounded by areolae

Question 3

what are the tubercles of Montgomery?

Answer 3

sebaceous glands that appear as small bumps around the dark area of the nipple

Question 4

what’s the function of tubercle of Montgomery?

Answer 4

to produce sebum to lubricate the nipple, prevent infections and secrete pheromones attract the baby for latching

Question 5

what is within a breast lobule?

Answer 5

alveoli, capillaries, venues and arterioles

Question 6

describe the structure of the alveoli in lobules?

Answer 6

they’re ballon-like structures with lactocytes and surrounded by my-epithelial cells

Question 7

what is the connective tissue surrounded the mammary gland?

Answer 7

suspensory ligaments

Question 8

what prevents significant lactation during pregnancy?

Answer 8

high oestrogen and progesterone levels - once placenta is delivered and stops producing these hormones lactation can begin

Question 9

what are the 2 hormones responsible for milk production?

Answer 9

oxytocin and prolactin

Question 10

outline the physiology of milk production

Answer 10

sucking -> stimulation of mechano receptors in nipple -> hypothalamus reduces secretion of dopamine and increases promotion of prolactin from anterior pituitary -> stimulation of milk production

Question 11

outline the physiology of the let down reflex?

Answer 11

suckling -> hypothalamus causes oxytocin to be released from posterior pituitary -> my-epithelial cells contract -> milk is squeezed out

Question 12

why does milk emptying cause milk filling?

Answer 12

the result of emptying of alveoli causes prolactin to activate prolactin receptors on walls of lactocytes to produce more milk

Question 13

outline the role of feedback inhibitor of lactation FIL?

Answer 13

it increases in concentration in breasts if milk isnt removed so it inhibits milk synthesis by antagonising prolactin’s effects

Question 14

what is mastitis?

Answer 14

inflammation of the breast which can be infectious or non-infectious

Question 15

what is puerperal mastitis?

Answer 15

mastitis that occurs during period of breast feeding

Question 16

what is chronic cystic mastitis?

Answer 16

benign changes in breast tissue. These changes may include irregular lumps or cysts, breast discomfort, sensitive nipples, and itching. These symptoms may change throughout the menstrual cycle and usually stop after menopause.

Question 17

what are the advantage to breast milk?

Answer 17

free
different tastes from mother’s food so child more easily moves into solid foods
burns calories and shrinks uterus
more digestible
strengthens bond between mother and child
contains antibodies/B and T cells
convenient

Question 18

what are disadvantages to breast milk?

Answer 18

very taxing on mother
other parent feels not as involved/bonded
latch on pain
woman needs to be aware of what she eats/drinks/meds she takes

Question 19

what are benefits of formula milk?

Answer 19

sterile, contains vit D, convenaient as either parent can feed, no need to find a private place to feed, no need to worry about what mother eats/drinks/meds takes, less digestible for baby so they need to eat less often

Question 20

what are some disadvantages to formula milk?

Answer 20

require planning
costly
formula fed babies have more gas and firmer bowel movement