CLINICAL PLACEMENT Flashcards
What are the 3 sections of taking a normal pregnancy history?
obstetric history
gynaecological history
normal history
what are some important questions to ask in the obstetrics history?
how far along if the estimated due date matches with expected due dat after ultrasound dating scan parity and gravidity if they are taking any anticonvulsants or antidepressants if previous pregnancies have been normal social history mental health if she is hoping for a normal delivery
what are some important gynaecological questions to ask?
symptoms
LMP date and if their periods are normally regular (what do they mean by regular)
history of cervical smear test
past gynaecological illnesses
what are some diseases to ask a pregnant woman about?
diabetes hypertension epilepsy thyroid disease asthma thromboembolic diseases
why can the first trimester of pregnancy increase the risk of heartburn?
muscles in your esophagus push food more slowly into the stomach and your stomach takes longer to empty. This gives your body more time to absorb nutrients for the fetus, but it can also result in heartburn.
what chromosomal abnormality is down syndrome?
trisomy 21
what chromosomal abnormality is Edwards syndrome?
trisomy 18
what chromosomal abnormality is Patau’s syndrome?
trisomy 13
what are the signs of pre eclampsia?
proteinuria, oedema and hypertension
what are some signs of eclampisa?
headaches, visual disturbances and seizures
what causes pre eclampsia?
problems with the blood vessels that connect the placenta to the uterus
why is it important to ask about mental health during pregnancy?
pregnancy can induce psychotic states
post partum depression
how many peopke will experience baby blues?
1/5
what are the levels of screening for chromosomal abnormalities?
blood tests
nuchal translucency ultrasound
amniocentesis
chronic villus sampling
what are the risks of amniocentesis and chronic villus sampling
miscarriage, infection, preterm, limb defects in infants
why are systolic murmurs common in pregnancy?
increased flow through the right and left ventricular outflow tracts as blood volume increases
why is constipation more common in pregnancy?
as increases progesterone levels causes decreased gut motility
why are pregnant women at a higher risk of UTIs?
pee has more sugar, protein, and hormones in it and the growing uterus puts more pressure on the bladder which can cause urinary stasis
why do pregnant women get chloasma (dark patches on skin)?
stimulation of pigment-producing cells by female sex hormones so that they produce more melanin pigments (dark coloured pigments) when the skin is exposed to sun.
oestrogen can cause increased synthesis of melanin
why does pregnancy cause palmar erythema?
increased oestrogen levels
what causes mole changes in pregnancy?
the higher levels of oestrogen and progesterone in your body stimulates the melanin cells in your skin to make more pigment.
in pregnancy, what’s an effect of progesterone and relaxin?
relax muscles and loosen ligaments and joints, especially in the pelvic area- risk of symphysis pubis dysfunction
what painkillers should pregnant women not take from 20/40?
NSAIDs - increased risk of miscarriage and malformation
what test is used for post natal depression diagnosis?
Whooley questions
whats normal term for twins?
37 weeks
whats the normal term length for triplets?
32 weeks
what counts as a premature birth?
more than 3 weeks before due date
whats the most common cause of neonatal death?
pre term birth asphyxia and infections
what percentage of pregnancies end in miscarriage?
1/5
what causes baby blues?
increased progesterone levels
