PBL 2 Flashcards
what is the definition of obesity?
A disease marked by excessive generalised deposition and storage of fat, with a BMI of over 30.
what is the definition of overweight?
A condition where the person weighs more than what is considered normal for that height, age, and sex. Marked by a BMI of over 25.
what is leptin deficiency?
Leptin is a hormone that inhibits hunger. Its associated with feeling constantly hungry and quickly gaining weight. Without treatment, the extreme hunger continues and leads to chronic excessive eating (hyperphagia) and obesity.
what is leptin receptor deficiency?
Lack the receptors for leptin so constantly hungry and gain weight quickly (normal weight at birth) – the extreme hunger leads to hyperphagia and obesity.
what is prohormone convertase-1 deficiency?
A rare genetic endocrine disease characterized by early onset of severe intractable diarrhoea and intestinal malabsorption, followed by obesity and hormonal deficiencies due to insufficient activation of several prohormones. It results in hypercortisolism, hypothyroidism, diabetes insipidus, hypogonadism, growth deficiency, and diabetes mellitus.
what is proopiomelanocortin deficiency?
Low levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), leads to a condition called adrenal insufficiency which often results in periods of severely low blood sugar which can cause seizures, elevated levels of bilirubin, early onset of obesity and reduced ability to produce bile. They tend to have red hair and pale skin.
what are MC4R gene deficiencies?
They are characterised by severe obesity, an increase in lean body mass and bone mineral density, increased linear growth in early childhood, hyperphagia beginning in the first year of life and severe hyperinsulinemia.
what is the function of the MC4R gene?
A mediator of the anorexigenic effects of leptin which reduces food intake and increases energy expenditure.
when should an antiobesity drug be considered?
for those with a BMI of ≥ 30 kg/m2, in whom diet, exercise and behaviour changes fail to achieve a realistic reduction in weight
when may an anti-obesity drug be considered with someone of BMI of 28 kg/m3?
In the presence of associated risk factors
which drugs are licensed for use in the UK as an anti-obesity drug?
orlistat
when should discontinuation of orlistat be considered?
after 12 weeks if weight loss has not exceeded 5% since the start of treatment.
describe orlistat mechanism of action?
reversibly inhibiting the gastric and pancreatic lipases. These lipases have an important role in the digestion of dietary fat as they break down the triglycerides into absorbable free fatty acids and monoglycerides
what is the youngest age that can take orlistat?
12
what are some common side effects of orlistat?
fatty or oily poo, needing the toilet urgently, pooing more frequently, oily discharge from rectum, flatulence, stomach pain, headaches or upper respiratory tract infections.
