PBL 1 Flashcards
where is leptin secreted from? when?
adipose tissue
when insulin levels rise
what receptor does leptin act on?
LepRb in the hypothalamus
what is the effect of leptin?
a feeling of satiety and suppression of appetite
what is leptin resistance?
when there are high blood levels of leptin but the brain does not respond so the person continues eating despite adequate fat stores
why may anorexic women not experence menstruation?
as they will have low leptin levels. leptin is involved in the synthesis of gonadotrophs at pubertu
where is ghrelin produced?
in the enteroendocrine cells of the GI tract
what is ghrelins effect?
regulation of glucose homeostasis through inhibition of insulin secretion and regulation of hepatic glucose output
what are the criteria for metabolic syndrome?
A waist circumference of over 102cm in men and 88cm in women
Fasting blood triglycerides over 150mg/dL
Low HDL cholesterol <50mg/dL in women and <40mg/dL in men
Blood pressure over 130/85 mmHg or drug treatment for elevated blood pressure
Fasting plasma glucose equal to or greater than 100mg/dL
(must have 3/5)
what risks come with metabolic syndrome?
heart disease, diabetes, stroke and other health problems and it makes frequently serious and long-term complications e.g. atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, peripheral artery disease, CVD
how can metabolic syndrome be prevented?
losing weight if overweight, eating lots of fruit and vegetables and low fat dairy products, eating less meat and fatty foods, doing physical activity on most days of the week, being as physically active as possible, quitting smoking.
how can metabolic syndrome be treated?
a healthy diet to help you lose weight, lower bp and blood sugar levels, and improve lipid levels (e.g. the Mediterranean diet, high fibre diet or DASH diet) or medicines to lower bp, blood sugar and blood lipid levels.
what is the DASH diet?
dietary approaches to stop hypertension- low in salt and fat
what are the criteria for metabolic disease?
they have a BMI of 40 or more, or between 35 and 40 and another serious health condition that could be improved with weight loss, such as type 2 diabetes or high blood pressure
all appropriate non-surgical measures have been tried, but the person hasn’t achieved or maintained adequate, clinically beneficial weight loss
the person is fit enough to have anaesthesia and surgery
the person has been receiving, or will receive, intensive management as part of their treatment
the person commits to the need for long-term follow-up
Bariatric surgery may also be considered as a possible treatment option for people with a BMI of 30 to 35 who have recently (in the last 10 years) been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
In rare cases, surgery may be recommended as the first treatment (instead of lifestyle treatments and medication) if a person’s BMI is 50 or above.
what are the 3 most common types of bariatric surgery?
gastric bypass, gastric band and sleeve gastrectomy
what lifestyle changes will you have to commit to after bariatric surgery?
change your diet – you’ll be on a liquid or soft food diet in the weeks after surgery, but will gradually move onto a normal balanced diet that you need to stay on for life
exercise regularly – once you’ve recovered from surgery, you’ll be advised to start an exercise plan and continue it for life
attend regular follow-up appointments to check how things are going after surgery and get advice or support if you need it
