PBL 14 -Bridget O'Farrell Flashcards
Neoplasia
An abnormal mass of tissue growth with exceeds and is uncoordinate with that of the normal tissue and persists in the same excessive manner after cessation of the stimuli which evoked the change
Carcinoma
Malignant epithelial tumour
Adenoma
A benign tumour of glandular origin
Sarcoma
Malignant mesenchymal tumour
Dysplasia
Abnormal or disordered growth
Polyp
Growth of mass protruding from the mucous membrane. Usually an outgrowth of normal cells
Benign
Cell type + oma
Atypia
Abnormality within a cell
Malignant
Cell type/differentiation + carcinoma/sarcoma
Dyscrasia
Imbalance of component elements i.e. plasma cell dyscrasia
Hamartoma
Tumour-like malformation composed of differentiated tissues. Normal to the site of original e.g. localized chrondromatous hamartoma lung
Teratoma
True neoplasm composed of tissues foreign to the site of origin e.g. teeth
Polyposis
Formation of numerous polyps
Pleomorphic
Different sizes and shapes
Stroma
The tissue that forms the matrix of framework of an organ
Parenchyma
The essenstial or functional elements of an organ as dinstinguished from its framework/stroma
Outline the pathology and characteristics of benign tumours
Rate of growth: Slow
Local Invasion: Expansile, well demarcated
Metastasis: Absent
Recurrence Outcome: Favourable
Capsule: Common
Necrosis: Rare
Atypia: Mild
Pleiomorphism: Mild
Mitosis: Rare; but common mitotic figures
Differentiation: Well differentiated (similar to original tissue)
Outlike the pathology and characteristics of malignant tumours
Rate of growth: Erratic (fast or slow)
Local invasion: Infiltrative, invasive undefined margins or pseudo-encapsulated
Metastasis: more common
Recurrence Outcome: Lethal
Capsule: No; might have pseudocapsules
Ulceration: Common
Necrosis: COmmon
Atypia: Severe
Peiomorphism: Severe
Mitosis: Numerous but abnormal mitotic figure
Differentiation: Lacking
Draw a flow chart outlining the pathology of malignant tumours
Draw a flowchart outlining metastasis
What are some of the natural characteristics of malignant cells?
- Self-sufficiency in growth signals
- Insensitivity to growth inhibitory signals/limitless replication
- Evade Apoptosis
- Defects in DNA repair
- Sustained angiogenesis
- Potential Metastasise
- Evave Immune system
How do we determine malignancy?
ABCDE
A - asymmetry
B - border irregularity
C -colour variation
D -diameter
E - elevation
Describe the nature and course of malignant melanoma
- Malignant tumour of melanocyte
- Risk Factors: UV light, family history
- Depth of invasion determines behaviour
- Natural History:
- Radial growth phase: Initial phase of invasion, melanocytes proliferate laterally with epidermis
- Vertical growth phase: Final phase of invasion, malignant cells invade reticular dermis
- Increased risk of metastasis
- Prevention: sunscreen, protective clothing
- Treatment: Excision of lesion and surrounding tissue
Describe the nature and course of Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Malignancy originating from epidermal basal cells
- Normally does not metastasize
- Caused by chronic exposure to UV light
- Increased risk in sun exposed areas
Natural history
- Slowly enlarging, locally invasive neoplasm
- Tumour -compact areas, well demarcated
- Invades dermis
- Most develop before 20 years old
- Raised papule or nodule with central crater
