PBL 10: Anthony Saunders -Inflammatory Response Flashcards
What are the cardinal and clinical features of inflammation?
Tumor - Swelling
Calor - Heat
Rubor - Redness
Dolor - Pain
Loss of Function
Draw a flowchart of the pathology of acute inflammatory reaction (vascular chemical and cellular)
Fibrosis
The thickening nad scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury
What is the process of Fibrosis?
Clean up of debris by macrophages → Replacement of nectrotic tissue, clot of exxudate by grannulation tissue → Deposition of collagen by connective tissue cell → Fibrous Scar
What is the process of resolution?
Macrophagess and neutrophils cell debris, organism. clot → vessels return to normal pearmeability → excess fluid exudation
What is the process of regeneration?
Replaces necrotic tissue → intact neighbouring cells surrounds dead cells and undergoes mitosis and proliferates to replace host cells
What is the process of abscess formation?
Pus (dead neutrophils) collected in a walled-off portion of tissue resulting from control of infection, also leading to neighbouring tissue damage/necrosis and swelling.
Draw a flowchart of the clinical and pathological outcomes of acute inflammation.
Hopw do fever-producing stimuli cause fever?
- Invasion of the body by fever-producing stimuli
- Macrophage/T-Cell response
- Cytokines in the bloodstream cross BBB
- Brain OVLT endothelial cells release Prostaglandin PGE2
- PGE2 affects Hypothalamus increasing Tset
- Fever
What are the functions of Prostaglandins?
- PGE2: vasodilation, pain, fever
- PGI2: vasodilation, inhibition of platelet aggregation
What are the structure, gene material, replication and culture of Bacteria
Structure: No nucleus, cell wayy is 2 thick layers of peptidoglycan (gram +ve) 1 think layer and lipid layer if (gram -ve)
Gene Material: DNA+RNA+Ribosomes, 1 chromosome
Replication: Binary Fission
Culture: YES
What are the structure, gene material, replication and culture of Viruses
Structure: Capsid containing genetic materuals and may have an envelope surrounding capsid
Gene material: Just genetic material, RNA or DNA, single or double stranded
Replication: Obligate intracellular parasite
Culture: no
What are some common defences that microorganisms use to avoid the body’s defences?
Protein C: Avoids opsonisation
Surface Antigen A: protects against oxidative stress
Bacteriosin -inhibits commensals/competing bacteria
Neurominidase: attachment to cell
Which bacteria are common causes of lower respiratory tract infection and pneuyminoa?
Staphylococcus aureus
Gram +ve Cocci
Streptococcus pneumonia
Gram +ve Cocci
Haemophilus influenza
Gram -ve Rod-shaped
Which viruses are common causes of pneumonia and lower respiratory tract infection?
SARS
Rhinoviruses
Influenza A+B
