PBIO Enzymes

Question 1

Greek word of enzyme

Answer 1

En (in) Zyme yeast

Question 2

Are catalysts and are not consumed in the reactions

Answer 2

Enzymes

Question 3

Are proteins that act as a catalyst for biochemical reactions

Answer 3

Enzymes

Question 4

The human body has (# of enzymes)

Answer 4

1000s

Question 5

Are the most effective catalysts known

Answer 5

Enzymes

Question 6

Most enzymes are

Answer 6

Globular proteins

Question 7

Undergo all the reactions of proteins including denaturation

Answer 7

Enzymes

Question 8

Enzyme activity is dramatically affected by

Answer 8

Alterations in pH
Temperature
Other protein denaturants

Question 9

Two types of enzymes

Answer 9

Simple and conjugated

Question 10

Composed of only proteins

Answer 10

Simple enzyme

Question 11

Has a nonprotein part in addition to a proteinn part

Answer 11

Conjugated enzyme

Question 12

Protein part of a conjugated enzyme

Answer 12

Apoenzyme

Question 13

Nonprotein part of a conjugated enzyme

Answer 13

Cofactor

Question 14

Biochemically active conjugated enzyme

Answer 14

Holoenzyme

Question 15

Components of holoenzyme

Answer 15

Apoenzyme+cofactor

Question 16

Are important for chemically reactive enzymes
And are small organic molecules or inorganic ions

Answer 16

Cofactors

Question 17

Organic molecule cofactors are also called

Answer 17

Co-enzymes or co-substrates

Question 18

Co-enzymes/co-substrates are derived

Answer 18

Dietary vitamins

Question 19

Typical metal ion cofactors

Answer 19

Zn2+,Mg2+,Mn2-and Fe2-

Question 20

Inorganic ion cofactors derived from dietary minerals

Answer 20

Cofactors

Question 21

Is the reactant in an enzyme catalyzed reaction

Answer 21

Substrate

Question 22

The substrate is the substance upon which the

Answer 22

Enzyme acts.

Question 23

Six major classes of enzymes

Answer 23

Oxidoreductases
Transferases
Hydrolases
Lyases
Isomerase
Ligases

Question 24

Oxidation reductions

Answer 24

Oxidoreductases

Question 25

Functional group of transfer reactions

Answer 25

Transferases

Question 26

Hydrolysis reactions

Answer 26

Hydrolases

Question 27

Reactions involving addition or removal of groups form double bonds

Answer 27

Lyases

Question 28

Isomerisation reactions

Answer 28

Isomerase

Question 29

Reactions involving bond formation couples with atp hydrolysis

Answer 29

Ligases

Question 30

An oxidoreductase enzyme

Answer 30

Catalyzes an oxidation-reduction reaction

Question 31

An oxidoreductase requires a coenzyme that is either

Answer 31

Oxidized or reduced

Question 32

It is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another

Answer 32

Transferase

Question 33

Catalyze transfer of an amino group to a substrate

Answer 33

Transaminases

Question 34

Catalyze transfer of a phosphate group from adenosine triphosphate ATP to a substrate

Answer 34

Kinases

Question 35

Is an enzyme that catalyzes a hydrolysis reaction

Answer 35

Hydrolase

Question 36

Hydrolase- the reaction involves

Answer 36

Addition of a water to molecule to a bond to cause bond breakage

Question 37

Are central to the process of digestion

Answer 37

Hydrolysis reactions/hydrolase

Question 38

Effect the breaking of peptide linkages in proteins

Answer 38

Proteases

Question 39

Effect the breaking of ester linkages in triacylglycerols

Answer 39

Lipases

Question 40

An enzyme that catalyzes the addition of a group to a double bond or the removal of a group to form a double bond in a manner that does not involve hydrolysis or oxidation

Answer 40

Lyase EC4

Question 41

Effects the removal of the components of water from a double bond

Answer 41

Dehydratase

Question 42

Effects the addition of the components of water to a double bonds

Answer 42

Hydratase

Question 43

An enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization (rearrangement of atoms) reactions

Answer 43

Isomerase

Question 44

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a bond between 2 molecules involving ATP hydrolysis

Answer 44

Ligase

Question 45

Relatively small part of an enzyme structure that is actually involved in catalysis

Answer 45

Active site

Question 46

Place where substrate binds to enzyme Formed due to folding and bending of the protein Usually a crevice like location in the enzyme Some enzymes have more than one active site

Answer 46

Enzyme active site

Question 47

Intermediate reaction species formed when substrate binds with the active site. Needed fo the activity of enzyme Orientation and proximity is favorable and reaction is fast,

Answer 47

Enzyme substrate complex

Question 48

Two models for substrate binding to enzyme

Answer 48

Lock and key model Induced fit model

Question 49

Enzyme has a pre determined shape for active site Only substrate of a specific shape can bind with active site.

Answer 49

Lock and key model

Question 50

Substrate contact with enzyme will change the shape of the active site Allows small changes in space to accomodate substrate (e.g. how a hand fits into a glove)

Answer 50

Induced fit model

Question 51

Forces that determine substrate binding

Answer 51

H-bonding Hydrophobic interactions Electrostatic interactions

Question 52

An enzyme will catalyze a particular reaction for only one substrate Most restrictive of all specifities not common

Answer 52

Absolute specifity

Question 53

Example of absolute specifity

Answer 53

Urease

Question 54

An enzyme can distinguish between stereoisomers . Chirality is inherent in an active site (amino acids are chiral compounds)

Answer 54

Stereochemical specifity

Question 55

Catalyzes reactions of L-amino acids but not of D-amino acids

Answer 55

L-amino acid oxidase

Question 56

Involves structurally similar compounds that have the same functional groups

Answer 56

Group specificity

Question 57

Cleaves amino acids one at a time frome the carboxyl end of the peptide chain

Answer 57

Carboxypeptidase

Question 58

Involves a particular type of bond irrespective of the structural features in the vicinity of the bond

Answer 58

Linkage specificity

Question 59

Cosidered most general of enzyme specifities

Answer 59

Linkage specificity

Question 60

Hydrolyze phosphate ester bonds in all types of phosphate esters

Answer 60

Phosphatases