Paul and Thessalonica Historical Context and Key Themes Flashcards
What was the historical context of Judea under Roman rule during Paul’s time?
Romans conquered Judea in 63 BCE. There was a revolt in 66–73 CE, resulting in the destruction of the Jerusalem Temple. Paul’s activities occurred between these events.
When was 1 Thessalonians written, and why is it significant?
1 Thessalonians was written around 50 or 51 CE, making it the oldest extant Christian document.
Describe the political status of Thessalonica in Paul’s time.
Thessalonica was a “free city” (civitas libera) under Roman authority, a status granted around 42 or 41 BCE.
What were the implications of the titles “divus Iulius” and “divi filius” in Roman political culture?
“Divus Iulius” referred to Julius Caesar as a “divine” figure, and “divi filius” indicated Augustus Caesar as the “son of the divine one.” These titles had political and religious significance, similar to the term “son of God” used for Jesus in the NT.
How did the Roman practice of crucifixion differ for Roman citizens compared to non-citizens?
Romans crucified non-citizens such as rebels, thieves, and slaves, but never Roman citizens.
What was the apocalyptic expectation among some Jews/Judeans during Roman rule?
Some Jews/Judeans expected that God would overthrow the Romans and establish a Jewish/Judean kingdom.
How did Caesar Augustus’s portrayal as a god influence perceptions of him?
Augustus was depicted as a god in art, which reinforced his divine status and political power, akin to the “son of God” title for Jesus.
