Patterns of sensory loss

Question 1

is the dorsal column pathway fast or slow conducting fibres

Answer 1

fast conducting fibres

Question 2

what type of sensation does the dorsal column have

Answer 2

fine discrete touch, position.
sense.
vibration
uncrossed in cord.

Question 3

is the spinothalamic pathway slow fibres or fast fibres

Answer 3

slow fibres

Question 4

what type of sensation does the spinothalamic pathway carry

Answer 4

pain and temperature

Question 5

where does the dorsal column pathway run in the spinal cord
ipisilateral
or contralateral

Answer 5

ipsilateral

Question 6

where does the spinothalamic pathway run in the spinal cord

Answer 6

contra laterally.

Question 7

how do fibres enter the cord in both the dorsal column and spinothalamic pathway

Answer 7

via the dorsal root ganglion

Question 8

what are the presenting symptoms in Bernard sequard syndrome

Answer 8

pain and temperature loss on contralateral side

discriminative touch and and propricoeption loss on the ipsilateral side.

Question 9

what is horn’s syndrome and which organ does it affect

Answer 9

loss of sympathetic sensation in the eye

Question 10

how might a lateral medulla lesion (wallenburg) present

Answer 10

pain and temperature of contralteral body but ipsilateral face.
cranial nerves 10 and 11 leave here therefore they are also affected.

Question 11

pain and temperature are split in the body up until which point of the brainstem.

Answer 11

medulla

Question 12

how do a patient with anterior spinal syndrome present

Answer 12

pain and temperature lost- spinothalamic pathway is anterior
2 point touch and discrimination is present.
paraplegia-loss of motor function below lesion (in legs)- ventral and lateral corticospinal tract.

Question 13

If a patient suffers form loss of sensation on one whole side of the body, both face and body then were must the lesion be.

Answer 13

thalamus

Until the medulla both the face and body are separate

Question 14

what are the risk factors of a lacunar stroke

Answer 14

high BP, smoking ,diabetes

Question 15

what is a lacunar stroke

Answer 15

affecting small perforating vessels.

Question 16

what are the common presenting signs of parietal lobe deficit (cortical lesion)

Answer 16

Dysgraphesthesia- difficulty recognising letters or words which are drawn on the back of a patents hand.
Hemisensory neglect
R/L confusion

Question 17

define syringomelia.

Answer 17

Syringomyelia is a type of disorder that occurs when a cyst forms within the spinal cord- in the middle of the spinal cord

Question 18

what are the clinical presentations of syringomelia

Answer 18

2 point touch and proprioception is not affected.
loss of pain and temperature in both hands and across the body in a cape like distribution.
wasting in small muscles of arm
weakness in muscles of the legs

Question 19

what is the treatment for syringomelia

Answer 19

shunt to remove CSF which is filling in the canal, if this is not done then it will lead to paralysis.

Question 20

what 2 pathways are affected by syringomelia

Answer 20

corticospinal pathway and spinothalamic pathway

takes of crossing pathways- close to the vertebral canal.

Question 21

what chemical levels are affect sensory neuronal pathways

Answer 21

arsenic

Question 22

in peripheral neuropathies what is the term used for the distribution of sensory loss

Answer 22

gloves ans stokcings- affects arms and legs

Question 23

are reflexes often absent in peripheral neuropathies

Answer 23

Yes

Question 24

what are the main causes of peripheral neuropathies

Answer 24

diabetes melitus
autoimmune (Guilain Barre, CIDP, vasculitis)
toxic
vitamin deficiency
paraneoplastic
chronic kidney and liver disease

Question 25

what causes a purely sensory stroke

Answer 25

thalamic infarct

Question 26

where do lesions occur in dissociated sensory loss

Answer 26

spinal cord and brainstem

Question 27

what condition can cause a peripheral neuropathy dementia

Answer 27

antibodies which cause B12 deficiency.

Antibodies in the stomach damage parietal cells so that it cannot be absorbed.