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Biology module 6 > Patterns Of Inheritance > Flashcards

Patterns Of Inheritance Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of artificial selection?

A

Breeding of plants and animals to produce desirable traits

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2
Q

What is the definition of bottleneck?

A

Event that drastically reduces the size of a population

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3
Q

What is the definition of Chi squared?

A

∑ (O-E)² / E

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4
Q

What is the definition of Codominance?

A

When both characteristics of alleles of a gene pair are shown in the offspring.
No dominant or recessive alleles

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5
Q

What is the definition of continuous variation?

A

Intermediate phenotypes fall between extremes

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6
Q

What is the definition of discontinuous?

A

Small difference that exists between 2 things

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7
Q

What is the definition of discontinuous variation?

A

Individuals fall into a number of distinct catagories

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8
Q

What is the definition of dominant?

A

A gene that masks recessive alleles

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9
Q

What is the definition of epistasis?

A

When a gene masks the phenotype of a second

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10
Q

What is the definition of genotype?

A

Set of genes in DNA for a particular trait

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11
Q

What is the definition of isolating mechanism?

A

Something that limits interbreeding between groups

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12
Q

What is the definition of linkage?

A

Tendency for for 2 or more genes to be inherited together

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13
Q

What is the definition of meiosis?

A

When one diploid eukaryotic cell divides into 4

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14
Q

What is the definition of phenotype?

A

Physical appearance/characteristic

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15
Q

What is the definition of selective breeding?

A

Choosing parents to breed for offspring to have desirable characteristic

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16
Q

What is the definition of sex linkage?

A

Phenotypic expression that is dependent on sex

17
Q

What is the definition of species?

A

Group of related organisms that are similar and can breed to produce fertile offspring

18
Q

What is the definition of variation?

A

Differences between 2 things

19
Q

What is the definition of heritability?

A

Estimate of role of genotype in phenotypic ratio.
Heritability = VG/VP
High heritability = variation is genetic

20
Q

What is the normal ratio when crossing 2 heterozygous parents in monogenic inheritance?

A

1:3

21
Q

What is the normal ratio when crossing 2 heterozygous parents in dihybrid inheritance?

A

9:3:3:1

22
Q

What is the normal ratio when crossing 2 heterozygous parents in codominant inheritance?

A

1:2:1

23
Q

What does dihybrid inheritance assume?

A

Alleles are independently assorted

24
Q

How do you know if there is linkage?

A

If the ratio is different to 9:3:3:1

25
Q

How do you know if there is full linkage?

A

Only 2 phenotypes shown, should be 4

26
Q

How can there be linkage but more than 2 phenotypes shown?

A

Crossing over means all the possible phenotypes are shown. But more chance of the linked genes being inherited together.

27
Q

What is autosomal linkage?

A

When 2 or more gene loci are on the same chromosome they are said to be linked

28
Q

What don’t linked genes undergo during meiosis?

A

Independent assortment as they are on the same chromosome

29
Q

Where are genes for sex linked conditions carried?

A

On XY (sex) chromosome

30
Q

Where are sex linked genes carried?

A

Position of the X chromosome that is missing on the Y

Called non-homologous region

31
Q

What is pure breeding?

A

An organism that consistently produces offspring showing the same trait/phenotype and therefore, is homozygous for trait.

32
Q

What do you call a trait that is controlled by many genes?

A

Polygenic (produces continuous data)

33
Q

What is the gene called that masks the expression of another in epistasis?

A

Epistatic gene

34
Q

What is the gene called that is masked by the epistatic gene?

A

Hypostatic gene

Biology module 6 (7 decks)

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