Patterns Of Inheritance

Question 1

What is the definition of artificial selection?

Answer 1

Breeding of plants and animals to produce desirable traits

Question 2

What is the definition of bottleneck?

Answer 2

Event that drastically reduces the size of a population

Question 3

What is the definition of Chi squared?

Answer 3

∑ (O-E)² / E

Question 4

What is the definition of Codominance?

Answer 4

When both characteristics of alleles of a gene pair are shown in the offspring.
No dominant or recessive alleles

Question 5

What is the definition of continuous variation?

Answer 5

Intermediate phenotypes fall between extremes

Question 6

What is the definition of discontinuous?

Answer 6

Small difference that exists between 2 things

Question 7

What is the definition of discontinuous variation?

Answer 7

Individuals fall into a number of distinct catagories

Question 8

What is the definition of dominant?

Answer 8

A gene that masks recessive alleles

Question 9

What is the definition of epistasis?

Answer 9

When a gene masks the phenotype of a second

Question 10

What is the definition of genotype?

Answer 10

Set of genes in DNA for a particular trait

Question 11

What is the definition of isolating mechanism?

Answer 11

Something that limits interbreeding between groups

Question 12

What is the definition of linkage?

Answer 12

Tendency for for 2 or more genes to be inherited together

Question 13

What is the definition of meiosis?

Answer 13

When one diploid eukaryotic cell divides into 4

Question 14

What is the definition of phenotype?

Answer 14

Physical appearance/characteristic

Question 15

What is the definition of selective breeding?

Answer 15

Choosing parents to breed for offspring to have desirable characteristic

Question 16

What is the definition of sex linkage?

Answer 16

Phenotypic expression that is dependent on sex

Question 17

What is the definition of species?

Answer 17

Group of related organisms that are similar and can breed to produce fertile offspring

Question 18

What is the definition of variation?

Answer 18

Differences between 2 things

Question 19

What is the definition of heritability?

Answer 19

Estimate of role of genotype in phenotypic ratio.
Heritability = VG/VP
High heritability = variation is genetic

Question 20

What is the normal ratio when crossing 2 heterozygous parents in monogenic inheritance?

Answer 20

1:3

Question 21

What is the normal ratio when crossing 2 heterozygous parents in dihybrid inheritance?

Answer 21

9:3:3:1

Question 22

What is the normal ratio when crossing 2 heterozygous parents in codominant inheritance?

Answer 22

1:2:1

Question 23

What does dihybrid inheritance assume?

Answer 23

Alleles are independently assorted

Question 24

How do you know if there is linkage?

Answer 24

If the ratio is different to 9:3:3:1

Question 25

How do you know if there is full linkage?

Answer 25

Only 2 phenotypes shown, should be 4

Question 26

How can there be linkage but more than 2 phenotypes shown?

Answer 26

Crossing over means all the possible phenotypes are shown. But more chance of the linked genes being inherited together.

Question 27

What is autosomal linkage?

Answer 27

When 2 or more gene loci are on the same chromosome they are said to be linked

Question 28

What don't linked genes undergo during meiosis?

Answer 28

Independent assortment as they are on the same chromosome

Question 29

Where are genes for sex linked conditions carried?

Answer 29

On XY (sex) chromosome

Question 30

Where are sex linked genes carried?

Answer 30

Position of the X chromosome that is missing on the Y | Called non-homologous region

Question 31

What is pure breeding?

Answer 31

An organism that consistently produces offspring showing the same trait/phenotype and therefore, is homozygous for trait.

Question 32

What do you call a trait that is controlled by many genes?

Answer 32

Polygenic (produces continuous data)

Question 33

What is the gene called that masks the expression of another in epistasis?

Answer 33

Epistatic gene

Question 34

What is the gene called that is masked by the epistatic gene?

Answer 34

Hypostatic gene