Patterns of Inheritance Flashcards
Genotype is determined by different…
allele combinations
What are alleles?
Alternate forms of a genes which may code for slightly different proteins
Phenotype is determined by…
… genotype and environmental factors
Two of the same allele…
…homozygous
Two different alleles…
…heterozygous
What are the indicators for autosomal dominant?
Both males and females can be affected
In large samples, equal numbers of males and females affected
All affected individuals have at least one affected parent
Once the trait disappears from a branch of the pedigree it does not reappear
A heterozygote will show the trait
What are the indicators for autosomal recessive?
Both males and females can be affected
Two unaffected parents can have an affected child
The trait may skip generations
The trait is only expressed on the homozygous state
What the indicators for X-linked dominant?
Both males and females can be affected
All affected individuals have at least one affected parent
Once the trait disappears from a branch of the pedigree it does not reappear
A male with the trait passes it onto all his daughters and none of his sons
In large samples, more females are affected
What are the patterns for X-linked recessive?
Both males and females can be affected
A female with the trait passes it onto all her sons
The daughters of a male with the trait will all be carriers (heterozygotes)
In large samples, more males are affected
The sex chromosome on a male is…
…hemizygous
When do you use a mono hybrid cross?
When alleles of only one gene are involved
What is Mendelian inheritance?
Single gene traits that consist of dominant and recessive alleles with only two possible genotypes i.e dominant, recessive
What is non-Mendelian inheritance?
single or multi-gene traits that include multiple alleles which result in a continuous variation of phenotypes
What is co-dominance?
Phenotype of heterozygous offspring which is a combination of the phenotypes of the homozygous parents. i.e both phenotypes are expressed
What is incomplete dominance?
Phenotype of heterozygous offspring is a blend of the phenotypes of the homozygous parents
