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Biology - Unit 4 > Genes > Flashcards

Genes Flashcards

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0
Q

What are non-coding regions in DNA?

A

Protein binding sequences
Structural sequences
Repeat sequences
Unknown function “junk DNA”

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1
Q

Is the entire genome important in the functioning of a organism?

A

Possibly but at current understanding, DNA contain non-coding strands and coding strands. Non-coding strands have been taught to have no function but recent research suggest othewise

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2
Q

What are coding regions of DNA?

A

Contains genes which code for specific proteins

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3
Q

What do the protein-binding sequences in non-coding regions do?

A

These sequences allow for the binding of specific proteins

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4
Q

What do the structural sequences in non-coding regions do?

A

These sequences help to give the chromosome its shape. These include coding for centromeres and telomeres.

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5
Q

What are centromeres and what do they contain?

A

Centromeres (where chromosomes arm join) no specific sequence, but it is repetitive.

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6
Q

What are telomeres and what do they contain?

A

Telomeres (the ends/tips of chromosomes) which consists of TTAGGG repeat sequences

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7
Q

What is the importance of repeat sequences in non-coding region?

A

Repeat sequences are not only important for centromeres, telomeres and protein binding; they also serve as genetic markers when examining chromosomes and gene order (i.e. microsatellites)

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8
Q

What are di-nucleotide repeats?

A

Two nucleotides that continue to repeat

Ex. TATATATATA

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9
Q

What are tri-nucleotide repeats?

A

Three nucleotides which are repeated.

Ex. TACTACTACTACTAC

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10
Q

What do the protein- coding sequences in the coding region do?

A

These sequences are called genes and they code for specific proteins.

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11
Q

What are genes?

A

Inherited instruction carried on a chromosome; specific segment of DNA carrying an instruction to code for a specific protein

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12
Q

Does one gene code for one protein?

A

No

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13
Q

Does one gene code for different proteins?

A

Yes, but not always

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14
Q

What are introns?

A

Parts of the coding region of a gene that are transcribed but not translated

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15
Q

What are exons?

A

Part of the coding region of a gene that is both transcribed and translated

16
Q

What do spliceosomes do?

A

Introns are spliced out by a complex of enzymes known as spliceosomes leaving only the sequence that will be expressed as protein (the exons)

17
Q

What is the molecule called when the DNA still have spliceosomes attached to it?

A

pre-mRNA

18
Q

What is called after the spliceosomes have removed the introns?

A

mRNA

19
Q

How does one gene make different proteins?

A

EACH DIFFERENT mRNA IS TRANSLATED INTO A DIFFERENT PROTEIN this is called alternate splicing

Biology - Unit 4 (21 decks)

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