Patterns, Control, Prevention Flashcards
What is a table in the context of health-related data?
A table is a set of data arranged in rows and columns with single or multiple indicators. It should have a clear title, be simple with 2-3 variables, self-explanatory, and include specific units of measure.
What are the key features of a graph?
A graph shows quantitative data using the x-y coordinate system. It should be self-explanatory, with each variable clearly differentiated by legends, and the x-axis for independent variables and the y-axis for dependent variables.
What is a chart in epidemiological data?
A chart shows epidemiological data using one coordinate or a single variable. Types include bar charts, pie charts, and maps.
What is prevalence in disease frequency?
Prevalence refers to the total number of existing cases at a point in time and is useful for health professionals to allocate resources.
What is incidence in health events?
Incidence refers to the number of new cases during a certain time period and helps epidemiologists understand risk factors.
What are the measures of disease frequency?
Measures include counts, risk, rate, ratio, and proportion, each providing different insights into health data.
What are control strategies for infection and disease?
Control strategies include eliminating the agent, strengthening the immune system, preventing contamination, isolating infectious individuals, and promoting healthy habits.
What are the types of prevention strategies?
Types of prevention include primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention, each targeting different stages of disease development.
What is the first step in controlling a disease?
Diagnosis is the first step in controlling a disease, allowing for immediate treatment to prevent spread.
What is the purpose of notification in disease control?
Notification involves informing local health authorities of detected diseases to take immediate preventive measures.
What is the role of isolation in disease control?
Isolation restricts infected patients to prevent the spread of infection, depending on the communicability period.
What is quarantine?
Quarantine restricts activities of healthy individuals who may have been exposed to a disease until the incubation period is over.
What is the importance of health determinants?
Health determinants include genetic predisposition, lifestyles, social relationships, and socio-economic factors that influence health.
What are common behavioral risk factors for non-communicable diseases?
Common behavioral risk factors include smoking, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet, contributing to diseases like diabetes and cancer.
What is the life-course approach in health?
The life-course approach considers factors influencing health at all life stages, emphasizing early life growth and development.
What is the significance of health literacy?
Health literacy is crucial for understanding health information and motivating behavior change for better health outcomes.
What are some key injury prevention strategies?
Key strategies include addressing falls, unintentional poisoning, motor vehicle injuries, and intentional violence.
What dietary recommendations are made for health?
Recommendations include eating less sugar and trans fats, more fruits and vegetables, and following any special diets as needed.
What are the guidelines for substance use?
Guidelines include not smoking, drinking alcohol in moderation, and avoiding non-medical drugs.
What are the safety recommendations for injuries?
Recommendations include wearing seatbelts, using helmets, and following safety procedures for jobs and recreational activities.
What mental health practices are suggested?
Practices include treating others well, accepting responsibility, making friends, and practicing mind-calming techniques.
What should you avoid while intoxicated?
Avoid being overly sleepy or distracted.
What safety precautions should you take when crossing roads?
Look before crossing or entering a road, changing lanes, or merging.
What safety measures should you take while boating?
Wear a life vest, don’t dive into shallow water, and learn to swim.
