Patophysiology DM-2

Question 1

3 main defects organs

Answer 1

Pancreas, liver, muscle and fat

Question 2

Omnious octet DM-2, increase group

Answer 2

Glucagon production, glucagon secretion, lipolysis, glucose rearbsorption

Question 3

Ominous octet DM-2, decreasing group

Answer 3

Insulin secretion, glucose uptake, incretin effect, neurotransmitter function

Question 4

Absolute insulin deficiency; relative insulin deficiency; gestational DM

Answer 4

DM-1; DM-2; Due to pregnancy

Question 5

Genetic susceptibility of DM-1

Answer 5

HLA II, DQ & DR3-4

Question 6

Most common islet cell antibodies

Answer 6

Glutamic acid decarboxylase

Question 7

DM-1, GAD negative type

Answer 7

Idiopathic DM

Question 8

ICA; IAA; GAD; IA

Answer 8

Islet cell antibod; insulin autoantibody; glutamic acid decarboxylase; tyrosine phosphatase

Question 9

LADA type DM

Answer 9

Mild expression of DM-1; recognized as DM-2 then B-pancreas disturbances, develop independency of insulin

Question 10

5 criteria of metabolic syndrome

Answer 10

Central obese, hypertension, dyslipidemi, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance

Question 11

Epigenetic changes and genetic changes in DM-2

Answer 11

Epigenetic doesn’t change the DNA structure, metilation or phosporilation
Genetic change the DNA structure

Question 12

MODY

Answer 12

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young. DM-2 in late childhood, related to genetic/family factors

Question 13

Classic symptoms of DM

Answer 13

Polyphagia
Polyuria
Weight loss
Thirsty
Weakness
Numbness

Question 14

Cut-off random blood glucose

Answer 14

> 200 mg/dl + classic symptoms

Question 15

Cut-off OGTT

Answer 15

Oral glucose test tolerance, >200 mg/dl after 2hours

Question 16

Cut-off plasma glucose

Answer 16

> 126 mg/dl

Question 17

HbA1c prediabetic and diabetic

Answer 17

5,7 - 6,4, prediabetic

6,5 - higher, diabetic

Question 18

Metformin actions

Answer 18

Increases sensitivity of insulin

Question 19

GLP-1 and GIP analogue

Answer 19

Glucose like peptide, gastric inhibitory peptide, stimulator of insulin

Question 20

Thiazolidineione (TZD) actions

Answer 20

Reduce peripheral insulin resistance

Question 21

Sulfonylureas actions

Answer 21

Insulin secretion stimulatior, inhibits K pump

Question 22

DPP-R Inhibitors

Answer 22

Inhibits incretins degradation

Question 23

SGLT-2 inhibitor actions

Answer 23

Inhibits glucose rearbsorption in renal

Question 24

Alpha glucosidase actions

Answer 24

Inhibit glucose absorption