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Endocrine > Pancreas > Flashcards

Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

Alpha cells produce

A

Glucagon

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2
Q

Beta cells produce

A

Insulin, GABA, IAPP

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3
Q

Gamma cells produce

A

Somatostatin

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4
Q

Epsilon cells produce

A

Ghrelin

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5
Q

PP cells produces

A

Pancreatic polypeptide

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6
Q

Insulin production, nucleus

A

Preproinsulin gene, preproinsulin mRNA

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7
Q

Insulin production, rough RE

A

Preproinsulin

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8
Q

Insulin production, trans-golgi network

A

Proinsulin

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9
Q

Insulin production, secretory granules

A

Insulin

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10
Q

Glucose, leucine, vagal stimulation, acetylcholine

A

Stimulants of insulin release

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11
Q

GLP1, GIP, Cholecystokinin, Gastrin, Secretin, agrinine

A

Amplifiers of glucose-induced insulin release

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12
Q

Alpha adrenergic of catecholamines, somastatin, beta blockers

A

Inhibitors of insulin release

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13
Q

How dies cathecolamines regulate insulin release and what is receptor of it

A

Inhibitor, inhibits cAMP; alpha2A receptor

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14
Q

How does Ach regulate insulin secretion; what’s the name of the receptor

A

Stimulant, stimulate Ca by G-protein; M3 receptor

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15
Q

Insulin-like growth factors (IGF)-2 onset; receptors

A

Prenatal; IRA and IGF-IR

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16
Q

Insulin-like growth factors onset; receptor

A

Childhood; IRA and IGF-IR

17
Q

Insulin action, stimulation of mTOR

A

Protein synthesis

18
Q

Insulin actions, stiumlation of FOXO

A

Glucose utilization

19
Q

Insulin actions, SREBP1c stimulation

A

Lipid synthesis

20
Q

Insulin actions, GSK3

A

Glycogen synthesis

21
Q

Insulin metabolic effects, liver

A

Glucose storage as glycogen; invreases TG synthesis and VLDL formation

22
Q

Insulin metabolic effects, muscle

A

Protein synthesis and glycogen synthesis

23
Q

Insulin metabolic effects, adipose tissue

A

Triglyceride storage

24
Q

Insulin metabolic effects, brain

A

Decrease appetite and increase energy expenditure

25
Q

How does GLUT work

A

Glucose channel

26
Q

GLUT1 tissue

A

Most cells

27
Q

Where does GLUT2 work

A

Cells that work for basal glucose (B-pancreas, epithel)

28
Q

Where does GLUT3 work

A

Neuron, placenta, testes

29
Q

GLUT4 tissue

A

Glucose storage tissue: skeleteal muscle, adipose tissue; cardiac muscle

30
Q

Islet Amyloid Polypeptide or Amylin actions

A

Suppressiom of glucagon release, reduction food intake, and gastric emptying; net effect: decrease blood glucose

31
Q

Beta cells, high glucose

A

(+)voltage outside cells, Ca masuk, exocytosis

32
Q

Alpha cells, high glucose

A

(-) voltage, low Ca and Na income, inhibition of glucagon granule

Endocrine (4 decks)

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