Patient with respiratory disease Flashcards
Labored or difficult breathing
Dyspnea
Diminished availability of oxygen to the body tissues characterized by tachycardia, hypertension, peripheral vasoconstriction, and mental confusion
Hypoxia
Delicate membrane enclosing the lungs
pleura
Upper respiratory tract diseases
The more common disorders are caused by infections or allergic reactions that result in inflammation
Acute diseases of the upper respiratory tract
Diseases of the nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx Rhinitis Sinustis Pharyngitis/tonsillitis Influenza (seasonal and viral)
Chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract
Allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
Acute diseases of the lower respiratory tract
Acute bronchitis
pneumonia
Chronic diseases of the lower respiratory tract
TB Asthma COPD Chronic bronchitis Emphysema
Diseases of the trachea and lungs (more serious)
Lower respiratory disease
Types of pneumonia
Fungal
bacterial
viral
Treatment of the different types of pneumonia
Viral: supportive treatment of bed rest and fluids
Bacterial: antibiotic therapy
Fungal: sulfa drugs
Most common causative agent of TB
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Chronic, infectious, and communicable disease with worldwide health significance as a cause of disability and death, especially in developing countries
TB
Also known as Mantoux test, purified protein derivative (PPD) test
TB skin test
TB skin test
PPD is injected under the skin on the forearm, After 72 hours, the circumference of induration (hard swelling) is measured to determine exposure
Oral manifestations of TB
Classic mucosal lesion: painful, deep, irregular ulcer on dorsum of tongue
Lesions can also occur on the palate, lips, buccal mucosa, and gingiva
Glandular swelling in cervical and submand. Lymph nodes can be affected w/ TB
Different types of asthma
Extrinsic (allergic or atopic): Allergic triggers outside of body
Intrinsic (nonallergic): Nonallergic triggers from within the body
Drug or food induced (nonallergenic, nonatopic)
Exercise induced
Infection induced
Extrinsic (allergic or atopic)
*Most common type of asthma
Exaggerated inflammatory response triggered by inhalation of an environmental allergen
Intrinsic (nonallergic)
Triggers: emotional stress, GERD
Trigger may be unidentified
Obesity
Usually seen in adults
Drug or food induced (nonallergenic, nonatopic)
Aspirin
NSAIDS
Food substances
Metabisulfite preservative in food and drugs
Exersice induced asthma
Vigorous physical activity
Thermal changes during inhalation of cold air may provoke mucosal irritation and airway hyperactivity
Asthma triggers: potentially harmful drugs to avoid
Aspirin containing medications
Sulfite containing local anesthetic solution such as epinephrine
NSAIDS
Albuterol (ventolin, levabuterol, pirbuterol)
short acting beta 2-agonists (SABA): home use for relief of acute symptoms
Bronchodilator to relax smooth muscle
Oral manifestations of beta 2 agonist inhalers
Cause a decrease in salivary flow and dental biofilm PH
Associated with xerostomia
When should you see patients with asthma
In the morning for patients with nocturnal asthma
Is there a significant relationship between oral infections and several respiratory conditions
Yes
