Patient with respiratory disease

Question 1

Labored or difficult breathing

Answer 1

Dyspnea

Question 2

Diminished availability of oxygen to the body tissues characterized by tachycardia, hypertension, peripheral vasoconstriction, and mental confusion

Answer 2

Hypoxia

Question 3

Delicate membrane enclosing the lungs

Answer 3

pleura

Question 4

Upper respiratory tract diseases

Answer 4

The more common disorders are caused by infections or allergic reactions that result in inflammation

Question 5

Acute diseases of the upper respiratory tract

Answer 5

Diseases of the nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx
Rhinitis
Sinustis
Pharyngitis/tonsillitis
Influenza (seasonal and viral)

Question 6

Chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract

Answer 6

Allergic rhinitis (hay fever)

Question 7

Acute diseases of the lower respiratory tract

Answer 7

Acute bronchitis

pneumonia

Question 8

Chronic diseases of the lower respiratory tract

Answer 8

TB
Asthma
COPD
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema

Question 9

Diseases of the trachea and lungs (more serious)

Answer 9

Lower respiratory disease

Question 10

Types of pneumonia

Answer 10

Fungal
bacterial
viral

Question 11

Treatment of the different types of pneumonia

Answer 11

Viral: supportive treatment of bed rest and fluids
Bacterial: antibiotic therapy
Fungal: sulfa drugs

Question 12

Most common causative agent of TB

Answer 12

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 13

Chronic, infectious, and communicable disease with worldwide health significance as a cause of disability and death, especially in developing countries

Answer 13

TB

Question 14

Also known as Mantoux test, purified protein derivative (PPD) test

Answer 14

TB skin test

Question 15

TB skin test

Answer 15

PPD is injected under the skin on the forearm, After 72 hours, the circumference of induration (hard swelling) is measured to determine exposure

Question 16

Oral manifestations of TB

Answer 16

Classic mucosal lesion: painful, deep, irregular ulcer on dorsum of tongue
Lesions can also occur on the palate, lips, buccal mucosa, and gingiva
Glandular swelling in cervical and submand. Lymph nodes can be affected w/ TB

Question 17

Different types of asthma

Answer 17

Extrinsic (allergic or atopic): Allergic triggers outside of body
Intrinsic (nonallergic): Nonallergic triggers from within the body
Drug or food induced (nonallergenic, nonatopic)
Exercise induced
Infection induced

Question 18

Extrinsic (allergic or atopic)

Answer 18

*Most common type of asthma

Exaggerated inflammatory response triggered by inhalation of an environmental allergen

Question 19

Intrinsic (nonallergic)

Answer 19

Triggers: emotional stress, GERD
Trigger may be unidentified
Obesity
Usually seen in adults

Question 20

Drug or food induced (nonallergenic, nonatopic)

Answer 20

Aspirin
NSAIDS
Food substances
Metabisulfite preservative in food and drugs

Question 21

Exersice induced asthma

Answer 21

Vigorous physical activity

Thermal changes during inhalation of cold air may provoke mucosal irritation and airway hyperactivity

Question 22

Asthma triggers: potentially harmful drugs to avoid

Answer 22

Aspirin containing medications
Sulfite containing local anesthetic solution such as epinephrine
NSAIDS

Question 23

Albuterol (ventolin, levabuterol, pirbuterol)

Answer 23

short acting beta 2-agonists (SABA): home use for relief of acute symptoms
Bronchodilator to relax smooth muscle

Question 24

Oral manifestations of beta 2 agonist inhalers

Answer 24

Cause a decrease in salivary flow and dental biofilm PH

Associated with xerostomia

Question 25

When should you see patients with asthma

Answer 25

In the morning for patients with nocturnal asthma

Question 26

Is there a significant relationship between oral infections and several respiratory conditions

Answer 26

Yes