Patient with a mental health disorder Flashcards
Types of anxiety disorders
Generalized anxiety disorder
OCD
Panic disorder
PTSD
Persistant, pervasive anxiety and excessive worry, but are not associated with life-threatening fears or “attacks”
Generalized anxiety disorder
Symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder
Startle easily
Difficulty falling and staying asleep
Difficulty concentrating
Muscle tension
Symptoms of a panic attack
- shortness of breath - nausea
- dizziness - parasthesia (tingling)
- palpitations - hot flashes or chills
- trembling or shaking - chest pain/discomfort
- sweating (clammy hands) - fear of dying
- choking - fear of losing control
Frequent upsetting thoughts and when the individual tries to control them there is an overwhelming urge to repeat routines or rituals over and over
OCD
sudden and repeated episodes of extreme fear
panic disorder
Develops after a terrifying ordeal involving physical harm or threat of physical harm
PTSD
When should you see someone who has anxiety disorder
in the morning; eliminate unecessary waiting in the reception area; length of appointment can be minimized and planned to prevent stress
Signs and symptoms of major depressive episode
- Depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in activities present for at least 2 weeks
- Feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, or guilt
- Fatigue and lack of energy
- Difficulty with memory and concentration
- Appetite disturbance
- Insomnia, early-morning wakefulness
- Thoughts of suicide
Side effects of anti-depressants
xerostomia along with poor dietary choices encourages growth of lactobacilli and increases the risk for enamel and root caries
Mood stabilizers (lithium) and Bipolar disorder
Can cause dyspepsia and impart a metallic taste in the mouth
A refusal of the individual to maintain body weight over the minimal normal weight for age and height. The aversion to eating results in life-threatening weight loss
Anorexia nervosa
Highest mortality rate of any mental disorder
anorexia nervosa
Signs and symptoms of anorexia
- restriction of energy intake resulting in severe weight loss with emaciation; “waiflike” appearance
- intense fear of weight gain or becoming fat
- body image distortion
- purging by vomiting, laxatives, and excessive exercise
- low pulse rate, hypotension, low body temp
- Amenorrhea (missed periods)
Mental disorder marked by recurrent episodes of uncontrollable binge eating that occurs an average of once a week for 3 months
Bullimia
Signs and symptoms of bullimia
- normal body weight or slightly overweight
- comorbidity with other mental disorders
- lifetime prevalence of alcohol or substance abuse is 30% for people
- Food consumed during a binge include more simple carbohydrate cariogenic items
Purging type (bullimia)
regulary engages in self-induced vomitting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas
nonpurging type (bullimia)
uses inappropriate compensatory behaviors such as fasting or excessive exercise, but does not engage in self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas
Chemical erosion of the tooth surfaces by acid from the regurgitation of stomach contents. After vomiting, acid is retained by the tongue papillae and provides longer contact with the palatal surfaces of maxillary teeth
Perimylolysis
What teeth surfaces show the earliest signs of bullimia
Smooth palatal surfaces of the teeth
Parotid gland enlargement with bullimia
May occur 2-6 days after a binge
The degree of enlargement increases with the frequency of vomiting.
The gland functions normally and is not sensitive to palpation
What to do about brushing your teeth after vomiting
DO NOT brush your teeth after vomiting. Demineralization of the tooth surface by the acid from the stomach starts immediately on contact. Brushing may remove additional enamel/dentin
Positive symptoms of schizophrenia
- Hallucinations that may include hearing voices
- Delusions
- Disorganized thinking characterized by the person having difficulty organizing thoughts or connecting them logically
- Movement disorders such as agitated body movements
- People with positive symptoms may “lose touch” with reality and the symptoms may come and go
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia
- May be mistaken for depression
- “flat affect” no emotion
- lack of pleasure in activities once enjoyed
- inability to start and carry out tasks
- little communication even when forced to interact
- difficulty with everyday tasks such as oral self-care
Cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia
- poor executive functioning, meaning difficulty with understanding information and using it to make decisions
- difficulty paying attention
- challenges with working memory or the ability to use information immediately after it is learned
