Patient with a mental health disorder

Question 1

Types of anxiety disorders

Answer 1

Generalized anxiety disorder
OCD
Panic disorder
PTSD

Question 2

Persistant, pervasive anxiety and excessive worry, but are not associated with life-threatening fears or “attacks”

Answer 2

Generalized anxiety disorder

Question 3

Symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 3

Startle easily
Difficulty falling and staying asleep
Difficulty concentrating
Muscle tension

Question 4

Symptoms of a panic attack

Answer 4

• shortness of breath - nausea
• dizziness - parasthesia (tingling)
• palpitations - hot flashes or chills
• trembling or shaking - chest pain/discomfort
• sweating (clammy hands) - fear of dying
• choking - fear of losing control

Question 5

Frequent upsetting thoughts and when the individual tries to control them there is an overwhelming urge to repeat routines or rituals over and over

Answer 5

OCD

Question 6

sudden and repeated episodes of extreme fear

Answer 6

panic disorder

Question 7

Develops after a terrifying ordeal involving physical harm or threat of physical harm

Answer 7

PTSD

Question 8

When should you see someone who has anxiety disorder

Answer 8

in the morning; eliminate unecessary waiting in the reception area; length of appointment can be minimized and planned to prevent stress

Question 9

Signs and symptoms of major depressive episode

Answer 9

• Depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in activities present for at least 2 weeks
• Feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, or guilt
• Fatigue and lack of energy
• Difficulty with memory and concentration
• Appetite disturbance
• Insomnia, early-morning wakefulness
• Thoughts of suicide

Question 10

Side effects of anti-depressants

Answer 10

xerostomia along with poor dietary choices encourages growth of lactobacilli and increases the risk for enamel and root caries

Question 11

Mood stabilizers (lithium) and Bipolar disorder

Answer 11

Can cause dyspepsia and impart a metallic taste in the mouth

Question 12

A refusal of the individual to maintain body weight over the minimal normal weight for age and height. The aversion to eating results in life-threatening weight loss

Answer 12

Anorexia nervosa

Question 13

Highest mortality rate of any mental disorder

Answer 13

anorexia nervosa

Question 14

Signs and symptoms of anorexia

Answer 14

• restriction of energy intake resulting in severe weight loss with emaciation; “waiflike” appearance
• intense fear of weight gain or becoming fat
• body image distortion
• purging by vomiting, laxatives, and excessive exercise
• low pulse rate, hypotension, low body temp
• Amenorrhea (missed periods)

Question 15

Mental disorder marked by recurrent episodes of uncontrollable binge eating that occurs an average of once a week for 3 months

Answer 15

Bullimia

Question 16

Signs and symptoms of bullimia

Answer 16

• normal body weight or slightly overweight
• comorbidity with other mental disorders
• lifetime prevalence of alcohol or substance abuse is 30% for people
• Food consumed during a binge include more simple carbohydrate cariogenic items

Question 17

Purging type (bullimia)

Answer 17

regulary engages in self-induced vomitting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas

Question 18

nonpurging type (bullimia)

Answer 18

uses inappropriate compensatory behaviors such as fasting or excessive exercise, but does not engage in self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas

Question 19

Chemical erosion of the tooth surfaces by acid from the regurgitation of stomach contents. After vomiting, acid is retained by the tongue papillae and provides longer contact with the palatal surfaces of maxillary teeth

Answer 19

Perimylolysis

Question 20

What teeth surfaces show the earliest signs of bullimia

Answer 20

Smooth palatal surfaces of the teeth

Question 21

Parotid gland enlargement with bullimia

Answer 21

May occur 2-6 days after a binge
The degree of enlargement increases with the frequency of vomiting.
The gland functions normally and is not sensitive to palpation

Question 22

What to do about brushing your teeth after vomiting

Answer 22

DO NOT brush your teeth after vomiting. Demineralization of the tooth surface by the acid from the stomach starts immediately on contact. Brushing may remove additional enamel/dentin

Question 23

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 23

• Hallucinations that may include hearing voices
• Delusions
• Disorganized thinking characterized by the person having difficulty organizing thoughts or connecting them logically
• Movement disorders such as agitated body movements
• People with positive symptoms may “lose touch” with reality and the symptoms may come and go

Question 24

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 24

• May be mistaken for depression
• “flat affect” no emotion
• lack of pleasure in activities once enjoyed
• inability to start and carry out tasks
• little communication even when forced to interact
• difficulty with everyday tasks such as oral self-care

Question 25

Cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 25

• poor executive functioning, meaning difficulty with understanding information and using it to make decisions
• difficulty paying attention
• challenges with working memory or the ability to use information immediately after it is learned