patient safety Flashcards
what does DRSABC stand for?
danger, response, shout, airway, breathing, circulation
what changes are there for covid?
DRSBC - do not go near the airway
how do you check for breathing and circulation in covid?
stay clear of airway, hand on chest and palpate carotid pulse simultaneously for 10 sec
what is atonal breathing?
infrequent noise gasps - not normal
what information do you give when dialling 999 for a cardiac arrest?
cardiac arrest, not breathing, location, contact number, covid status
what is the rate of compressions?
100-120bpm
how deep should you compress the sternum in an adult?
5-6cm
how do you prepare patient for AED?
dry area, shave area, cut clothing
how far away should AED be during AED use?
a meter
when can you intervene with airway and ventilate during covid?
when you have on full AGP PPE
how much O2 is delivered per minute?
15L of 100% O2
how do you insert an oropharyngeal airway?
insert upside down then rotate 180 degrees
where are defies in GDHS
level 1,3,4,6,7
what is the ration of chest compressions to breaths?
30:2
what are the shockable rhythms?
ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, VF and VT
how many volts is a AED?
4800V
name the 6 links of the chain of infection
infectious agent, resevoirs, portal of exit, means of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host
what does virulence mean?
the ability of the microbe to cause disease
what does microbe dose mean?
the number of microbes entering the body
what is the ID50?
infectious dose 50 - the dose required for infectious organism to cause infection in 50% of subjects
what are some examples of virulence factors?
exotoxins (s.aureus and p.gingivalis)
endotoxins (lipopolysacharide e coli)
where can pathogens originate?
humans, animals, environment and fomites (contaminated surfaces)
what is the incubation period?
time between contamination and development of symptoms
what is an example of natural portal of exit?
coughing and sneezing
explain the R number
R<0 the infection will die out
R>0 infection will spread
what factors affect R number?
duration of infectivity
infectiousness
number of susceptible people
how can dentistry mitigate aerosol spread of infection?
use of rubber dam
high volume aspiration
surgery ventilation
examples of portal of entry
respiratory tract, GI tract, surgical/open wound, sexual contact, sharps injury
examples of susceptible hosts
underdeveloped immune system (neonate), declining immune system (elderly), disease or drugs affecting host defences, chronic med conditions and pregnancy
what is the Spaulding classification of critical?
Items in contact with/penetrate normally sterile sites or mucous membranes e.g. forceps, perio scaler, burs, scalpels
what is the Spaulding classification of semi-critical?
items in contact with intact mucosal membrane e.g. handpiece, 3 in 1, mirror
what is the Spaulding classification of non critical?
items in contact with intact skin e.g. light cure, x ray heads
what is the Spaulding classification of minimal risk?
items not normally in contact with intact skin e.g. dental chair
what is detergent?
synthetic organic water soluble agents which have wetting agent, emulsifying and soil holding properties
what are the 5 moments for hand hygiene?
before touching a patient after touching a patient after body fluid exposure risk before clean/septic procedure after touching patient surroundings
what are the blood borne viruses?
hep B
hep C
HIV
what is a significant exposure?
exposures/sharps injuries involving a patient infected with a BBV
what is the chance of acquiring BBV after contaminated sharps injury?
HBV - 1 in 3
HCV - 1 in 30
HIV - 1 in 300
what do you do when you get a sharps injury
A apply pressure and allow to bleed W wash don't scrub A assess injury type R risk of source blood E establish contact - call occupational health
