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CT > Patient Monitoring > Flashcards

Patient Monitoring Flashcards

1
Q

If a patient is sedated a ______ Is recommended

A

Pulse oximeter

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2
Q

Most oximeters today are called pulse oximeter’s because

A

They respond only to pulsations, such as those in pulsating capillaries of the area tested

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3
Q

The sinoatrial, or SA node is located

A

In the right atrium

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4
Q

What is the function of the sinoatrial node

A

It provides the main control and is the source of each beat.

Keeps up with the body’s overall need for nutrients

Increases the heart rate when needed.

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5
Q

SA Node is sometimes called

A

The natural pacemaker of the heart.

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6
Q

Electrical impulses emitted by the SA node Travel through special conducting pathways in the heart to?

A

The other controller, atrioventricular (AV) node.

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7
Q

What is the purpose of the AV node?

A

To provide a pathway for impulses from the atria to the ventricles.

It also creates a delay in conduction from the atria to the ventricles

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8
Q

The purpose of the delay in conduction from the atria to the ventricles?

A
  1. This causes the atria to contract first, thus allowing the ventricles to fill with blood before they contract.
  2. Ensures proper timing so that the ventricles have time to fill completely before they contract and pump blood out to the tissues.
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9
Q

A heart rate of 60 to 100 is called

A

Normal sinus rhythm

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10
Q

Arrhythmia that do not originate from the ventricles are called?

A

Supraventricular arrythmias

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11
Q

Arrhythmia that come from the ventricles are called?

A

Ventricular arrhythmia

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12
Q

For monitoring purposes only 3 lead ECG are used to measure?

A

The actions of the atria and ventricles

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13
Q

Atrial contractions show up as ___ on ECG

A

P wave

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14
Q

Ventricular contractions show up as ____ on ECG

A

Series of 3 waves Q-R-S

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15
Q

The T wave indicates

A

Ventricular relaxation

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16
Q

What is happening in the heart during Diastole?

A

The atria and ventricles are relaxed.
De-oxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava flows into the right atrium.
The open atrioventricular valve allow blood to pass through to the ventricles.

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17
Q

What is happening in the heart during Atrial Systole?

A
  1. The SA node triggers both atria to contract.
  2. The right atrium empties blood into the right ventricle.
  3. The left atrium empties blood into he left ventricle.
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18
Q

What is happening in the heart during ventricular systole?

A
  1. From the right ventricle, de-oxygenated blood is pumped into the pulmonary artery.
  2. The pulmonary valve prevents backflow into the right ventricle
  3. From the left ventricle, oxygenated blood is pumped into the aorta
  4. The aortic valve prevents the oxygenated blood from back flowing into the left ventricle.
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19
Q

Cardiac arrest is ?

A

Loss of heart function

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20
Q

Signs of cardiac arrest include?

A 
No pulse
No respiration
Vomiting 
Seizure
Damp bluish or grayish skin tone
Incontinence
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21
Q

Signs of a stroke may include

A 
Cannot communicate
Bilateral or unilateral numbness or paralysis
Pupil disparity
Incontinence
Hypertension
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22
Q

Shock is?

A

The result of insufficient blood flow to he issues and vital organs.

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23
Q

Shock can occur because of??

A
  1. Loss of blood volume

2. Sudden massive vasodilation (as in anaphylactic shock)

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24
Q

Signs of shock include

A
  1. Altered levels of consciousness
  2. Hypotension
  3. Cool bluish or grayish skin tone
  4. Tachycardia
  5. Restlessness
25
Q

A patient experiencing shock should be kept warm with legs elevated, except for when?

A

When there are bleeding wounds in the upper body or head.

26
Q

If a patient is experiencing anaphylactic shock from a reaction to IV contrast, what is given?

A

Epinephrine

27
Q

Normal range for oral temperature

A

97 to 99

28
Q

Normal range for axillary temperature

A

96.5 to 98.5

29
Q

Normal range for rectal temperature

A

97.5 to 99.5

30
Q

What are the sites for measuring pulse

A 
Temporal
Carotid
Apical
Radial
Femoral
Popliteal
Pedal
31
Q

Average pulse rate for an adult

A

70 to 100

32
Q

Average pulse rate for an athletic adult

A

45 to 60

33
Q

Average pulse rate for a child

A

95 to 110

34
Q

Average pulse rate for an infant

A

100 to 180

35
Q

The systolic pressure is the measurement of?

A

The force of ventricular contraction

36
Q

The diastolic pressure is the measurement of?

A

The lowest pressure of the ventricles between heartbeats

37
Q

The blood pressure measurement is usually taken in the ____ artery

A

Brachial

38
Q

When taking a look pressure, position the arm so that the cuff is at the level of?

A

The heart

39
Q

Normal systolic range for an adult

A

90 to 140

40
Q

Normal diastolic range for an adult

A

60 to 80

41
Q

Normal systolic range for children

A

85 to 130

42
Q

Normal diastolic range for children

A

45 to 85

43
Q

Normal respiration rate for adults

A

12 to 20

44
Q

Normal respiration rate for children

A

15 to 30

45
Q

Normal respiration rate for infants

A

25 to 50

46
Q

What device is used most often to deliver oxygen

A

Nasal cannula

47
Q

Simple mask is an oxygen mask for

A

Patients that need a moderate flow rate for a short time.

48
Q

A simple mask has holes on the sides for?

A

Exhalation and air entrainment if the flow rate is too low.

49
Q

A non-rebreather mask

A
  1. Can deliver oxygen concentrations of 60 to 95%
  2. High flow rate
  3. Don’t allow the reservoir bag to deflate.
    If it does, the patient can breathe in CO2
50
Q

A Venturi Mask

A
  1. Delivers a precise oxygen concentrations
  2. CO2 is minimal
  3. Used for COPD
  4. Color-coded entrainment ports
51
Q

Describe the oxygen mask attached to a tracheotomy tube

A
  1. Exhalation port that remains patent at all times
  2. A port that connects to the oxygen, with a large-bore tubing.
  3. Requires humification
52
Q

Negative-pressure ventilator

A
  1. For home use

2. Do no require an airfoils airway

53
Q

Positive-pressure ventilators

A
  1. More commonly used

2. Requires an artificial airway

54
Q

Chest tubes may be inserted through the?

A

Chest wall into the mediastinum or pleural space

55
Q

Trocar

A

Is used to punch a hole in the chest wall through which the tube is inserted

56
Q

In an emergent situation what 2 ways are chest tubes started?

A

Trocared or blunt dissection

57
Q

If a chest tube tubing is long, it should no be allowed to?

A

Fall below the level of the patient’s chest.

58
Q

In-dwelling catheters are usually inserted ….

A

Into the brachiocephalic vein at the junction of the superior vena cava, or directly into the superior vena cava.

CT (9 decks)

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