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CT > Exams With Contrast > Flashcards

Exams With Contrast Flashcards

1
Q

In the brain, normally enhancing structures include:

A
  1. Blood vessels
  2. Choroid plexus
  3. Dura
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2
Q

Iodinated contrasts ____ cross an intact blood brain barrier.

A

Does not

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3
Q

Name things that do not have a blood brain barrier and will enhance

A

Highly vascularized lesions:
Meningioma

Intracerebral lesions:
Glioblastomas

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4
Q

A typical iodinated contras dose for brain scans

A

100 ml

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5
Q

Scan delay for brain scan with contrast

A

Up to 5 minutes after complete injection

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6
Q

Scan delay for brain scan with contrast, for metastatic diseases, AIDS, and MS

A

45 minutes after the injection.

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7
Q

CT studies of the head without contrast include:

A 
Ruling out:
Sinusitis
Trauma
Grave’s disease
Early-stage stroke
Early-stage hematoma
Hydrocephalus 
Dementia
Mastoiditis
Labyrinthitis
Facial or 7th nerve palsy
Petrous or temporal bone studies
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8
Q

Reasons for using contrast when scanning the neck include:

A

Differentiation of blood vessels from lymph nodes

Outline the epidural venous plexus

Blood vessels and vascular tumors appear more dense than lymph nodes when IV contrast is used.

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9
Q

A typical iodinated contrast dose for neck scans

A

Approximately 100 ml

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10
Q

A typical rate for injecting iodinated contrast dose for neck scans

A

3 ml/sec

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11
Q

Scan delay for neck scan with contrast

A

35 seconds following the START of the injection, assuming a helical scan is used.

Scanning is initiated after a saline flush is complete.

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12
Q

Saline flush after contrast injection for a neck exam, does what?

A

Reduces high density streaking in the subclavian area.

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13
Q

Neck Studies which call for contrast include

A 
Neck mass
Lymph nodes
Parathyroid adenoma
Parotid mass
Oral pharynx
Larynx
Brachial plexus
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14
Q

When scanning the brachial plexus, where should you inject?

A

In the arm, opposite the side of interest.

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15
Q

brachial plexus is

A

a network of nerves formed by the anterior rami of the lower four cervical nerves and first thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1). This plexus extends from the spinal cord, through the cervicoaxillary canal in the neck, over the first rib, and into the armpit.

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16
Q

A typical iodinated contrast dose for chest scans

A

100 ml

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17
Q

A typical rate for injecting iodinated contrast dose for chest scans

A

3 ml/sec

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18
Q

Scan delay for chest scan with contrast

A

Approx 30 second after the start of the injection

19
Q

Reasons for using contrast in a chest exam include:

A

Masses of chest
Lymphoma
Hilar or cardiac masses
Pulmonary emboli

20
Q

For adrenal masses, a ______ delay, with targeted scans through the adrenal glads are done _______.

A

10 minute delay

After chest scan

21
Q

A typical iodinated contrast dose for abdominal scans

A

75 to 150 ml

22
Q

A typical rate for injecting iodinated contrast dose for abdominal scans

A

2 to 4 ml/sec

23
Q

Scan delay for liver scan with contrast

A

70 to 80 seconds

24
Q

Scan delay for pancreas scan with contrast

A

50 to 60 seconds

25
Q

Scan delay for kidneys scan with contrast

A

80 to 90 seconds

26
Q

Bi-phasic study of the liver

A

Exam performed to differentiate liver lesions with arterial blood supplies from those with venous blood supplies.

27
Q

Tri-phasic study

A

Adds a non-contrast set of images

28
Q

A hepatic arterial phase may be visualized by using a ____ delay following _____.

A

30 second delay

Initiation of IV contrast injection

29
Q

Portal venous phase

A
  1. After moving th table back to the most superior slice position.
  2. About 70 seconds after the start of injection
30
Q

Equilibrium phase is about ____ after the start of the injection.

A

120 seconds

31
Q

A typical iodinated contrast dose for pelvic scans

A

Approx 100ml

32
Q

A typical rate for injecting iodinated contrast dose for pelvic scans

A

2 to 3 ml/sec

33
Q

Scan delay for pelvic scan with contrast

A

Usually a few minutes, to allow for ureter and bladder enhancement

34
Q

What conditions require pelvic scan immediately following injection of contrast

A

Prostate and ovarian cancer

Lymphoma

Melanoma

35
Q

A typical iodinated contrast dose for pediatric scans

A

1.0 ml per kg of body weight

36
Q

Scan delay for pediatric scan with contrast

A

Scan delay times are slightly less than adult delay times

37
Q

CT angiography is used for reasons including

A
  1. Narrowing caused by atherosclerosis
  2. Aneurysms
  3. Dissections
  4. Traumatic injury
  5. Congenital anomalies
  6. Effects of vascular treatments
38
Q

Why is a higher injection rate of 3 to5 ml/sec used during a CTA?

A

To keep the concentration of the contrast media in the vessels sufficiently dense.

39
Q

The slices during a CTA exam. Are acquired in what direction?

A

In the direction of the blood flow, in order to chase the contrast agent

40
Q

During a CTA, why are thin slices important?

A
  1. For visualizing small structure
  2. To minimize partial volume averaging.

However, when large distances must be covered, sometimes thicker slices must be used.

41
Q

What is another way to cover the required distance during a CTA?

A

Increasing the pitch can scan the vessel more quickly.

42
Q

When reconstructing the images for a CTA exam, why should they be slightly overlapped?

A

Increasing the overlap of slices, increases resolution and decreases the effects of partial volume averaging.

43
Q

As a general rule, a reconstruction interval for a CTA ______ will produce excellent multi-planar recons, MIPS, or other 3D rendering

A

Interval equal to 1/3 to 1/2 of the slice thickness

CT (9 decks)

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