Patient evaluation & Monitoring in I.V. Conscious Sedation Flashcards

1
Q

what is needed for Patient Evaluation

A

 Proper history and physical examination

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2
Q

what can evaluation be useful for?

A

Prevention

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3
Q

Medical History Questionnaire
 A tool to?
 Completed by?
 Simple format which is?
 Two standard formats?

A

 A tool to gather written information about the patient’s health
 Completed by the patient or the patient’s guardian
 Simple format which is easy to understand
 Two standard formats:
 short or long

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4
Q

patient interview
 An opportunity to review?
 Obtain detailed information about?
 Cross check any?
 Should be conducted by?
 Gain greater insight to?
 Identifies?

A

 An opportunity to review the responses made on the written
medical questionnaire
 Obtain detailed information about specific responses
 Cross check any inconsistent responses
 Should be conducted by the person planning and administering the anesthetic (That’s you, doctor!!)

 Gain greater insight to the magnitude of the problem
 Identifies treatment risk

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5
Q

The Physical Exam
 Starts when?
 Checks for signs of?
 Assesses?
 Vitals

A

 Starts when patient walks into the room
 Checks for signs of underlying illness
 Assesses patient general appearance
 Vital signs

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6
Q

Mallampati Classification

A
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7
Q

Components of the Upper Airway

A
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8
Q

Consultation
 Request to the PCP or specialist for? used to?
 The consult needs to be:
 When appropriate describe what you?

A

 Request to the PCP or specialist for assistance/ information that you will use to manage your patient
 The consult needs to be:
 Concise
 Specific regarding what you want done
 When appropriate describe what you plan to do
 Educates the PCP
 You know more of what he/she does than they know what you do

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9
Q

Consultation
 The assistance/information may include:
 Providing?
 Information pertaining to?
○ Patient’s ability to?
○ Requests?
○ Determine?

A

 The assistance/information may include:
 Providing a specific piece of information needed to move forward with
treatment (INR)
 Information pertaining to the patients medical condition
○ Patient’s ability to tolerate treatment
○ Requests further information about patients medical condition
○ Determine optimal condition for treatment

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10
Q

Consultation assistance?
 The assistance may include:
 Request that patient be?
○ example?
 Request assistance in?
 Provides?

A

 The assistance may include:
 Request that patient be optimized prior to treatment
○ Hypertensive patient (lower BP)
 Request assistance in management of patient during perioperative period as necessary (insulin regimen for diabetic patient)
 Provides feedback to the consultant

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11
Q

Recognition and Assessment

A

To determine the level of illness the
provider must be able to interpret the
signs and symptoms that indicate an
existing or pending emergent situation

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12
Q

Early signs of serious illness arise from?
examples/ progression?

A

Early signs of serious illness arise from the CNS
 Anxiety
 Fear
 Nausea
 Inadequate blood supply or vital nutrients
○ Oxygen
○ Glucose

 Progression of process
 Confusion
 Agitation
 Combative behavior
 Lethargy
 Coma

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13
Q

skin changes

A

 Diaphoresis (especially of the brow)
 Pallor or grayness of face and limbs
○ Signs of extreme Sympathetic nervous system activation
○ Attempt to conserve core circulation

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14
Q

Capillary refill

A

 The time it takes for the pink to return after blanching the palm or a nail
bed
 Is prolonged if peripheral circulation is compromised
 Color should return in the time it takes to say” capillary refill”

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15
Q

Vital signs
 Baseline vital signs when?
 Changes can be used to judge?
 Correlate t?
 Continue monitoring?

A

 Baseline vital signs when patient is seated
 Changes can be used to judge the seriousness of the
patient’s condition
 Correlate to clinical situation
 Continue monitoring throughout the case

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16
Q

possible Symptoms of the patient
 May represent?

A

 May represent early signs of an emergent situation
○ Difficulty breathing
○ Shortness of breath
○ Nausea
○ Chest pain or pressure
○ lightheadedness
○ Dizziness
○ Headache
○ Abdominal pain

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17
Q

most important aspect of IV sedation

18
Q

types of Suction Equipment

A

 Central suction
 Portable suction
 Suction powered by a non electrical source in event of electrical failure
 Multiple emergency type suction tips readily available

19
Q

yankaur suction tip

20
Q

Monitoring Equipment
 Device to measure? cuff sizes?
 To auscultate?
 O2?
 Electro?
 Temp?
 Ideal that monitor can?

A

 Device to measure blood pressure and heart rate with
multiple size cuffs
 To auscultate the heart and lungs
 Pulse oximetry with appropriate probes
 Electrocardiogram
 Temperature monitor
 Ideal that monitor can print

21
Q

Capnography
 Monitoring of concentration or partial pressure of?
 Graph of?
 Advantages of capnography?

A

 Monitoring of concentration or partial pressure of CO2
 Graph of expiratory CO2 by expired volume

 Advantage of capnography:
 Breath to breath ventilation data
 Respiratory effort
 Real-time feedback on treatment ( i.e. IV med administration

22
Q
A

pulse oximeter

23
Q

Pulse Oximeter
 Measures?
 Determine percentage of?
 Operates on?

A

 Measures oxygen saturation of arterial blood
 Determine percentage of oxyhemoglobin in capillaries
 Operates on 650nm and 950nm wave length

24
Q

Nasal Cannula
seal?
dilution?
Cannot Be?
No?
Reservoir?
comfortable?

A

No Airtight Seal
Significant Air Dilution
Cannot Be Scavenged
No N2O, Inhalation Agents
No Reservoir Bag
Often Uncomfortabl

25
Nasal Hood Common? dilution? volume? Reservoir? scavenge?
Commonplace in Office Less Air Dilution Less Volume Needed Reservoir Bag May Be Scavenged
26
Etiology of Airway Obstruction  Airway Classification? Relaxation of ? Retraction of ? mandible? Airway Support?
Poor Airway Classification Relaxation of Soft Tissues Retraction of the Tongue Depressing the Mandible Inadequate Airway Support
27
Head tilt chin lift
 Displaces the prolapsed tongue from the posterior pharyngeal wall  Eliminates obstruction  Can be used for conscious or unconscious patient
28
first step with airway obstruction
Ambu Bag with Face Mask
29
Airway in Sedation is...
EVERYTHING If Patient is experiencing airway urgency... what can you do?> Nasal and Oral Airways
30
nasal and oral airways
31
Combitube
 Double Lumen Airway  Blindly Inserted  Ventilate Patient Regardless of Tracheal or Esophageal Placement
32
Combitube Indications  Difficult?  Can’t?  Failed?  Can’t Move?>  No?  Significant Upper Airway?
 Difficult Airway  Can’t Ventilate  Failed Intubation  Can’t Move Head/Neck  No Laryngoscope  Significant Upper Airway Bleeding
33
King Laryngeal Tube (LT)  Versatile airway tool offering:  Ease of? ○how?  Low incidence of ?  Minimizes?  Does protect from ?
 Versatile airway tool offering:  Ease of insertion ○ Quick insertion requiring no laryngoscopy  Low incidence of sore throat and trauma  Minimizes gastric insufflation  Does protect from aspiration
34
Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA)  Intended as an Improved Alternative to?  Minimizes?  Simplifies?
 Intended as an Improved Alternative to the Traditional Face Mask  Minimizes Trauma  Simplifies Securing the Airway
35
LMA Advantages  Minimal?  placement time?  Can Use In?  Least Amount of?  class of airway control?  Can Use To?
 Minimal Training  Shortest Placement Time  Can Use In Pediatric Patients  Least Amount of Tissue Trauma  ACLS Class 2B Airway Control  Can Use To Intubate
36
LMA Contraindications  Intact?  Patients At High Risk For?  Laryngeal?  Patients With Decreased?
 Intact Gag Reflex  Patients At High Risk For Aspiration  Laryngeal Foreign Bodies Or Pathology  Patients With Decreased Pulmonary Compliance
37
King LT vs LMA
38
Definitive Airway Control accomplished with?
Endotracheal Intubation
39
Surgical Airway accomplished with?
Cricothyroidotomy
40
Cricothyroidotomy  Palpate the?  Skin Incision over?  Insert Scalpel Handle and ?  Insert?  Inflate ?
Cricothyroidotomy  Palpate the Cricothyroid Membrane  Skin Incision over the Cricothyroid Membrane  Insert Scalpel Handle and Rotate 90 Degrees  Insert Endotracheal Tube  Inflate Cuff and Ventilate
41
Emergency Airway Management Tools
42
what can prevent emergency airway management strategies, how?
**Oral Pharyngeal Partition**  Should Be Used With Each Patient  Prevents Teeth/Debris From Entering Oropharynx  Helps Absorb Excess Irrigation Fluid  Provides Additional Reaction Time