Patient Education and Health Promotion Flashcards
Levels of disease prevention?
Primary prevention, secondary prevention, tertiary prevention
Primary Prevention of Disease
- occurs at the prepathologic state; to stop anything from happening
- examples are fluoride supplements, oral contraceptives, education in elementary school about drug addiction
secondary prevention of disease
- seeks to identify specific illnesses or conditions at an early stage with prompt intervention to prevent or limit disability and to prevent catastrophic effects that could occur if proper attention and treatment is not provided.
- Physical assessments, developmental screening, vision screening, breast/testicle self exam, pregnancy testing.
Tertiary prevention of disease
- occurs after a disease or disability has occurred and the recovery process has begun; intent to halt disease or injury and assisting pt to optimal health.
- Rehab for handicapped children, support groups for recovery and AA, cardiac rehab, health education for a patient with newly diagnosed diabetes.
What is Health Promotion?
Reduce excess mortality, address leading risk factors and underlying determinants of health.
Activities for health promotion seek to …..
increase quality of life
Disease prevention activities are…
preventative and focused on a specific illness
Health promotion activities seek to protect community at large and include..
Air and water quality regulations
What is the healthy people initiative?
- Healthy people 2030 goals
- Attain healthy thriving lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and early death.
- Eliminate health disparities, achieve health equity, and health literacy and improve health for all
- create social, physical, and economic environments that promote and attain full potential for health and well-being for all.
- promote healthy development, healthy behaviors, and well-being across all life stages
- engage in leadership, key constituents, and the public across multiple sectors to take action and design policies that improve health and well being.
Important Teaching Opportunity: Clinic
Immunization record, routine screening, weight reduction and diet, medications
Important Teaching Opportunity: Hosp admission
Unit policies, how to work call light and bed, specific treatments that have been ordered and why
Beginning of each shift education
Review plan of care; explain any new treatments, tests, or meds
New medication education
Action of drug, possible side effects, frequency, and any special considerations
Diagnostic procedure
Necessary precautions, what will be experieneced during the procedure, any restrictions or special considerations after the procedure
Surgery
preoperative prep, post operative protocols (deep breathing, leg exercises) pain control, how to get out of bed and turn easily
Discharge
Limitations on activity or diet, procedures such as wound care, when to call the provider.
Qualities of a Teach- Learning relationship
- Patient focused, holism, negotiation, interactive
- interview patient negotiate treatment
Sometimes a pt may not follow a treatment plan….
- do not term them non-compliant
- What is their motivation
- factors that could impact this: lack of social support, anxiety, fear, shame, financial
- Motivational interviewing: seeks to help pt what factors they have and how to address them
- includes partnership, acceptance, compassion, and evocation
Literacy level
- Provide educational materials appropriate for a patient’s educational level
- Does a literate person automatically have health literacy? NO
Behaviors that indicate low literacy level:
Incomplete forms, frequently missed appointments, lack of follow-through with instructions, unable to name or explain medications
Methods of providing education
- Demonstration: physically demo and have them return demo
- Discussion and verbal teaching: allow expression of teaching
- Lectures: has activities to assess learning
- Written information: what do check before giving written information
- Role-playing: decreases anxiety and works through feelings
- What is your preferred learning style? blind patient
Key pts for teaching
- focus on patinet’s perspective
- avoid med term
- actively involve pt with teaching
- use positive words and phrases
- keep it simple (short sessions, one point at a time, ask pt to restate what they learn)
How does internet impact patient education?
- Overall it can be helpful
-concerns: educational materials are not fact-checked,
online material may be wrong educational level
-sites not updated and info is not current
Telehealth
- Access healthcare through phone or video
- available 24/7
- beneficial for people that live far from a healthcare facility
You are preparing an education session with a patient. What is the best time?
- you want to do it not before a procedure, not before meal time, and when family is present!
Written teaching plan
- organizes thoughts and ideas. understand importance
Domains of learning?
-Cognitive (thinking): start with simple concepts and then progress ex lecture
-Affective: refers to emotions or feelings of something
create a warm soothing enviornment. Intended to creat an open and honest conversation. EX: role play and simulation
-Psychomotor: demonstration by patient. Repeated process
Life span considerations
Newborns/ infants: education is focused on the parent or caregiver
Toddler and preschooler: still teach parents, use play as a learning tool, trust is important
School/ adolescent: Written material is introduced, school-age children like stickers and rewards. Autonomy is important for adolescents.
Adult/older adult: informal friendly environment and older adult may have decreased motivation.
Teaching an older learner
- largest population for seeking healthcare
- use a brightly-lit, glare-free room
- eliminate extraneous noise
- face the learner
- limit session to 20-30 mins
- observe a nonverbal language that shows confusion
- supply one idea at a time
- For meds: ensure they understand what each med does, when to take it, and what to do if the missed a dose
Nurse is recommending tertiary preventative measures to a client. Which measure would be appropriate to recommend?
- immunizations
- developmental screening
- support groups
- physical assessment
-support groups
The nurse is working with a client and plans to use an affective teaching approach. Which method would emphasize the affective domain?
- independent study
- role-playing
- skill demo
- lecture
role-playing
