Patient Care Final (pt 1) Flashcards
In what ways can microorganisms be transported in the dental office
Aerosols and splash ans splatter
What is the chain of infection
Source, host, mode of transmission
What factors can influence the suspetibility of a host
age, physical condition, medication, underlying medical conditions
What is less than 50 micrometers and can sty airbone for an extended period before settling on surfaces
Aerosols
What is larger than 50 micrometers and are only airborn briefly so their is limited pentration into the respiratory system
splash and splatter
High speed hand pieces, ultrasonic scaler, air and water are examples of?
Aerosols
Direct contact, indirect contact and respiratory are examples of ?
mode of transmission
Direct contact can be transmitted by____
broken skin and mucosal contact
Indirect contact can be transmitted by____
contaminated instruments
What is the ability to cause infection and damage
virulence
Resistance can be ___ and ____
innate and acquired
What is a condition of being able to resist a particular disease through preventing development
Immunity
What are the stages of infection
incubation- time btwn exposure and the first sign
prodromal- first sign and full development
acute- full development
decline
What is the process of physical cleaning to reduce microbes
Sanitzation
Use of disinfectant and paper towels is an ex of___
sanitzation
Heat filtration radiation and chemical are examples of
sterilization
The destruction of all microbes forms including spores is what
sterilization
primary sterilizing method is
steam under pressure and dry heat
What is used on living skin and mucous membranes
antiseptics
What is less lethal than sterilization and doesnt destroy spores and are toxic to skin
disinfection
what are the requirments for liquid disinfectants
correct temp, ph and conc
What kind of disinfectant kills all pathogens but not spores and is not used in UMKC
high level disinfectant
What destroys most viruses, fungi, bacteria and IS USED at UMKC
intermediate level disinfectant
What kills most vegetative bacteria and some viruses and fungi
low level disinfectant
What penetrates soft and hard tissues and confer a high degree of risk for infection and whats an example
critical item, explores, bur, scaler
What is it when an item contact but does not penetrate and enters the oral cavity and an ex
Semi critical, amalgam condenser, mirror, impression tray
What must all heat tolerant items INCLUDING hand pieces do
be heat sterilized
Items that dont enter oral cavity may be touched and whats an ex
non critical and an ex is counter or chair
What is the procedures and enforcement measure targeted at reducing the risk of occupational exposure to infectious persons
administrative control
An ex of adminstrative control is
passing the sharp end away from the dr
What is a device that isolates or remove the risk of exposure or pathogens
Engineering control
Whats an ex of engineering control
insturment cassettes and sharp container
What is a procedure that reduce the likelihood of exposure to infectios material by altering the manner
work practice controlw
whats an example of work practice control
recapping a needle
the New term for CDC guidlines is
Standard precautions
What does this describe: steam under pressure, 250 at 15 psi for 20 min
autoclave
What does this describe: 273 for 30 psi for 3-10 min
Flash sterilizer
What does this describe: 320 for 2 hrs 338 for 1 hr
dry heat
What does this describe: steam under pressure with chemical vapor and the vapor is hazardous
chemiclave
Why can a spore test fail
if it is overloaded
Calor
dolor
tumor
heat
pain
swelling
What are vital signs
temp, pulse, respirations, blood pressure
What is avg temp
98.6
what is a low grade fever
99.6-100.3
What is a fever
100.4
What can happen if the reading is done incorrectly
the reading will be lower than the true temp
Who has the highest pulse
females 12 and older
children are higher
athletes are lower
Where can you take a pulse
radial brachial and carotid
what is a normal pulse
60-100
what is tachycardia
pulse greater than 100 bmp
What is bradycardia
pulse less than 60 bmp
What is normal respirations
12-20 breaths
What is bradypnea
less than 12 breaths
What is tachypea
more than 20 breaths
What can cause hypertension
increase in age and obesity and decrease of physical activity
____ refers to the pressure inside the artery when the heart contracts
systolic
____ referes to the pressure inside the artery when the heart is at rest and filling with blood
diastolic
____ is related to a risk of stroke
higher systolic
___ is the max pressure your heart exerts while beating
systoic
130/80 results in_____
systolic hypertension
____ is the diff between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the force the heart generates when it contracts
pulse pressure
Where do you take blood pressure
antecubital fossa
when taking blood pressure you lsten for the beating sounds called
korotkoff sounds
What are the % of diff groups of people with hypertension
blacks 42%
whites 28%
hispanics 26%
asians 25%
normal Bp
120/80
elevated bp
120-129/80
hypertension stage 1
130-139/80-89
hypertension stage 2
140/90
hypertensive crisis
180/120
what is the trendelenburg position
lay in spine with 15-30 degree incline with feet elevated above head
Normal healthy patient no smoking is what
ASA 1
patient with mild systemic disease, smokes, prego, obesity is what
ASA 2
a patient with severe systemic disease and undergoes dialysis is what
ASA 3
a patient with severe systemic disease and a threat to life is what
ASA 4
a patient who is not expected to survive 24 hours is what
ASA 5
A patient who is braid dead is what
ASA 6
What are the signs of anxiety
diaphoresis
dilated pupils
increased bp
restlessness
hyperventilation
trembling
What is the stress reduction protocol
oral sedation
intraoperative sedation
am app
short app
warm weather
post opp rx
post opp call
___ is a transient loss of consciousness due to hyperfusion of brain and is characterized by a rapid onset and spontaneous resolution
syncope
What is orthostatic hypotension
decrease of 20 in systolic ORRRR decrease of 10 in diastolic
What can cause syncope
fear
pain
blood
hunger
exhaustion
hot enviroment
What is a vasovagal syncope
rapid drop in heart rate and lead to fainting
MOST COMMON
What are early syncope manifestations
warm
loss of color
sweating
feeling bad
nausea
tachycardia
What are late syncope manifestations
yawning
difficult breathing
pupillary dilation
cold hands
dizzy
loss of cons
Treatment for syncope
position patient horizontal
O2
cool compress
ammonia
loosen clothings
____ to breath at a abnormally rapid rate so increasing the loss of Co2
hyperventilation
symptoms of hyperventilation
CARPAL PEDAL SPASMS
rapid breath
confusion/dizzy
cold hands
tingle hands
tight chest
Management for hyperventilation
terminate procedure
postition patient upright
NO O2
breath into paper bag
valium
what is the order of donning
gown glasses mask gloves
How long to purge hoses in sink
30 sec
what kind of grasp do you hold the suction with
modified pen grasp or palm thumb
DA chair should be _____ above Dr
4-6 in and feet shoul dbe on ring
What is not seen in the mouth
parasitic
What can break down the integrity of gloves
petroleum jelly
