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CDM Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three parts of EBD

A

Best evidence, clinical judgement and patient circumstances

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2
Q

What is confirmation bias

A

people tend to believe what they hear from new or friends without looking farterh

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3
Q

What is prevalence

A

What is the frequency

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4
Q

What is risk

A

What causes the problem

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5
Q

What is diagnosis

A

Does the person have it

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6
Q

What is therapy

A

What is the best treatment

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7
Q

What is prognosis

A

Who will get the problem

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8
Q

What is phenomena

A

What are the concerns

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9
Q

Why use Pubmeb

A

It is free
It has articles that MEDLINE doesnt have
Uses MeSH terms

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10
Q

What are MeSH terms

A

Medical subject heading
Specific terms
filters articles

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11
Q

Why use clincial queries

A

Search tools and
sorts things into
clinical categories
systemci review
medical gneetics

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12
Q

What does clinical queries allow you to search based on

A

etiology
diagnosis
therapy
prognosis
clinical predictions

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13
Q

Do you start with advanced or clinical queries

A

clinical queries

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14
Q

What does AND do in a search

A

requires both terms to be searched

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15
Q

What does OR do in a search

A

Either term or both can be in the document

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16
Q

What does NOT do in a search

A

It subtracted the term from the results

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17
Q

Whawt is the highest levels of evidence

A

Meta analysis

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18
Q

What Q: Which is more effective at reduces caries: flouride or sealants?

A

Therapy

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19
Q

What Q: Which is more accurate for identifying caries: radiographs or diagnodent

A

Diagnosis

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20
Q

What does PICO stand for

A

Problem
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome

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21
Q

When searching using PICO what order do you search in

A

ICPO

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22
Q

What PICO terms are the most necessary

A

IC

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23
Q

What can you do to prevent cognitive bias

A

always question assumtion
keep an open mind
always question evidence

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24
Q

What is logical fallacy

A

an error in logical argumentation

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25
Q

What is cognitive bias

A

a genuine deficiency or limitation in our thinking

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26
Q

Bandwagon effect?

A

tendency to do things because many others do the same

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27
Q

Confirmation bias?

A

looking for and valuing info that confirms what we believe

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28
Q

Gamblers fallacy

A

putting a tremendou amout of weight on previous events

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29
Q

Interview bias

A

distortion of response to an interview which results from differential reactions to the style and personality of the interview to their presention of questions

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30
Q

Normalcy bias

A

the refusal to plan for or act on a disaster which has never happened before

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31
Q

Measurment bias

A

systematically overstating or understanting the true value of a measurement

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32
Q

Negativity bias

A

paying more attention to negative news

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33
Q

Observation selection bias

A

suddenly noticing things that you did not notice before and wrongly assuming the frequency has increased

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34
Q

Performance bias

A

When one group of subjects gets more attention thatn another group

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35
Q

Positive expectation bias

A

a sense that our luck has to eventually change

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36
Q

Publication bias

A

when the otucome of a study influences the decsions whether to publush it

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37
Q

Question order

A

inadvertently influencing response due to the order question are asked

38
Q

recall bias

A

participants to not remember previous events accuratly

39
Q

Respondent fatigue bias

A

a phenomenon that occurs when survey participants become tired which results in the quality data

40
Q

Response bias

A

tendency for participants to answer question untruthfully

41
Q

Sampling/ selection bias

A

sample obtained is not reflective of the target population

42
Q

Sponsor bias

A

study outcome that supports the interest study financial sponsor

43
Q

Status quo bias

A

making choises that guarantee things remain the same

44
Q

verification bias

A

outcomes more likely to be found in treatment group then control group

45
Q

What is the purpsose of EBDM

A

close gap between research and practive

46
Q

What is the optional component of PICO

A

C

47
Q

The purpope of definign PICO question is to

A

identify a clearly focused question
consider what the client believes is important
provide key search terms
determine the type of evidence is required

48
Q

Identify the P and I:
Mrs. Sanchez is a 58-year-old women who is concerned about getting root surface cavities due to her receding gums. Her children receive fluoride treatments to prevent cavities on their teeth and asks you if she should be getting professionally applied fluoride treatments. Having recently read an article on chlorhexidine varnish (CHx-V) for the prevention of root caries you want to reread it to see if a CHx-V or Fluoride Varnish, which you normally provide, will be more effective.

A

P: root caries
I: Chlorhexidine varnish

49
Q

Identify P:
Kevin is a 26-year-old man who talks to you about e-cigarettes and wants to know if they can help him permanently stop smoking. He has smoked since he was 16 and has never tried to quit before, but recently he has noticed his gums are bleeding and thinks it is due to his smoking. He also asks if e-cigarettes are better than nicotine gum.

A

P: permanently stop smoking

50
Q

What is research

A

results from an individal study

51
Q

What is evidence

A

cumulative results across studies

52
Q

What is validity

A

the deggre which a method provides accurate investigation of event in question

53
Q

Internal validity threats are

A

Selection bias
maturation
instrumentation

54
Q

What is External validity

A

ability to generate finding beyond the subject in study

55
Q

Chronology bias

A

historic controls subject to change in practive

56
Q

recall bias

A

skewed recollection of events

57
Q

Quantitiatve inquire is

A

Only measurements are REAL
often numeric

58
Q

Qualitative inquiry is

A

based on hemeneutics
measures subjective and dependent upon perceptual bias

59
Q

What is a systemic review

A

refers to the netire process of selcing evalutaing evidence

60
Q

What is meta analysis

A

combing data from a systemic review

61
Q

Randomzed controll trial

A

whena trial subjects are randomly assigned a group
good for CAUSE AND EFFECT

62
Q

Cohort study

A

Samples cohort that looks prospectivly

63
Q

Case control study

A

compares patietns who have a disease with patients who doent have a disease and look retrospectivly

64
Q

Cross sectional study

A

measure the otucome and exposure in study participants at the same time

65
Q

Case reports

A

WEAKEST
detailed report of treament etc

66
Q

What are examples of variables

A

Age
ethnicity
Socioeconomic status
disease

67
Q

What is confounding varibale

A

Error

68
Q

Null hypothesis is?

A

prediction that observed differences is due to change and not due to systmetic causes

69
Q

Alt hypothesis is?

A

prediction that some observed difference is due to some knowable cause

70
Q

p<.05 means

A

5% chance observed difference was due to chance
95% confident that resutls was due to IV

71
Q

p<.001

A

.01% chance observed difference was due to chance
99.9% confidenct that results was due to IV

72
Q

What is nominal and ex

A

category without rank
gender, hair color

73
Q

What is ordinal and ex

A

label with some meaningful order
class rank, socioeconmic status, level of agreement

74
Q

What is interval and ex

A

scaled measure with arbitrary zero
temp, IQ, SAT

75
Q

What is ratio and ex

A

scaled measure with absolute zero
weight, income, years of education

76
Q

What is effect size

A

statistical significance (p value) indicates difference between two groups

77
Q

What can effect size measure

A

standard measure
calculated from various statistical outputs

78
Q

What is relative risk

A

measure risk based on comparison of disease between two groups
exposed vs nonexposed

79
Q

What is odds ration

A

estimate of association
comparting the odds of an event in one group wo the odds of an event in some comparsion group

80
Q

Is RR or OR easier to inteprent

A

RR

81
Q

What limits RR calculation

A

Case control designs because cases are selected on disease rather than exposure

82
Q

What is sensitivity

A

proportion of patients with the disease who test positive

83
Q

What is specificity

A

the proportion of patients withouth the disease who test negative

84
Q

What is confidence interval

A

normal distribtion
tells you the range of unknown population rang

85
Q

The three things of a conficdnce rank

A
86
Q

What does a randomized control trial contain

A

one varied condition
concurrent enrollment
random assignments
follow uo

87
Q

What is a research question

A

indicates an exploratory investigation without any real questions

88
Q

A hypothesis

A

will use the word hypothesis

89
Q

What test does nominal use

A

chi square, mcnemear

90
Q

What test does ordinal use

A

mann whitner, wilcoxon

91
Q

What test does interval and ratio

A

T test and ANOVA

92
Q
A

CDM (5 decks)

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