Patient Care

Question 1

electrical safety

Answer 1

1. always use properly grounded electrical devices with 3 prong pligs
2. avoid the use of extension cords
3. do not use any device with frayed cords
4. inspect systems routinely
5. during an ECG, pt should not be grounded, but chassis of ECG machine should be grounded

Question 2

privacy is some what different than confidentiality

Answer 2

it refers to individuals rights to keep some info to themselves and to have it used only with their approvial. under HIPPA physicians must use and disclose omly the minimum necessary amount of patient info needed for the purpose in question. the institution m,ay use and disclose pt info for treatment, payment and health care operations without pt authorization. most other uses and disclosures of pt info requires an authorization.

Question 3

liability

Answer 3

holds each individual responsible for their actions

Question 4

negligence

Answer 4

doing something that a “reasonable person” will not do. not doing something that a reasonable person would do.

Question 5

informed consent

Answer 5

protects doctors from claims of unauthorized procedure. in order to be legally binding, pt must be capable of giving consent. for invasive procedures, informed consent should be given to operating physician or cardiologist.

Question 6

interpretation of exams

Answer 6

sonographers cannot provide interpretation of exam to patient. interpretation must come from physician

Question 7

malpractice

Answer 7

claims can be avoided by effective communication between pats and medical personnel

Question 8

denial

Answer 8

the refusal to acknowledge the existence or severity of unpleasant external realities or internal thoughts and feelings

Question 9

initial assessment

Answer 9

including vitals. are used to establish a baseline to compare future results

Question 10

wheelchair

Answer 10

moving a pt in or out breaks engaged, footrests retracted

Question 11

foley cathater

Answer 11

is a flexible plastic tube that is inserted through the urethra, into the bladder, to drain urine.

Question 12

to keep a foley catheter from slipping out…

Answer 12

it has a ballon on the end that is inflated with sterile water or saline omce the end is inside the bladder.

Question 13

keep the foly catheter urinary drainage bag below the level of the bladder to________.
if the bag is elevated above bladder _____

Answer 13

bad below bladder= to keep the fluid flowing from the bladder into nthe collection bag
bag elevated= urine will collect in bladder

Question 14

sterilization

Answer 14

is the elimination of all transmissible agents (such as bacteria and viruses) from a surface or a pice of equipment.

Question 15

pathogens or infectious agents

Answer 15

are biological agents that causes disease or illness to its host, pathogens disrupt the normal physiology of an animal or plant. the term pathogen is derived from th greek “birth of pain”.

Question 16

the human body has many natural defenses against some of the more common pathogens in the form of the _______ and by some “helpful” bacteria present in the human bods normal ___. however, if the immune system or “good” bacteria is damaged, pathogenic bacteria that wew being controlled can multiply and cause harm to the host. such causes are called _____

Answer 16

• human immune system
• flora
• opportunistic infections

Question 17

flora

Answer 17

mucous membrains, such as the intestinal lining , are constantly in cntact with enviormental organisms and become readly colonized by various microbial species, called flora

Question 18

pathogens are responsible for massive amounts of casualties and have harmful effects on afflicted groups.

Answer 18

of particular note is HIV, which has infected several million humans globally, as well as Severe Acutte Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

Question 19

methods of sterilization

Answer 19

1. autoclaves

2. chemical sterilization

Question 20

the perfered principle for sterilization is through

Answer 20

heat and pressure

Question 21

autoclaves sterilization

Answer 21

a widely used method for heat sterilization. use steam heated 121 degrees C and pressure at 103kPa above atmospheric, for 15 min. the steam and pressure transfer heat into organisms to kill them. usefull parameter-time and temperature.

Question 22

chemical sterilization

Answer 22

although heating provides the most effective way to destroy transmissible agents, it is not always appropriate, because it destroys objects such as fiber optics, electronics, and plastics.

Question 23

ethylene oxide (EO)

Answer 23

gas iis commonly used to sterilize objects that can not survive tempratures greater then 60degrees C such as plastics, optics, and electrics.

Question 24

sepsis

Answer 24

to soil or dirty. “A” measns withought

Question 25

Aseptic

Answer 25

means “without microorganisms”. aseptic technique refers to practices that reduce post procedure infections in pts by decreasing the likelihood that microorganisms will emnter the body during clinical procedures.

Question 26

a sterile field is an

Answer 26

area created by placing sterile towels or surgical drapes around the procedure site and on the stand that holds ssterile instruments used during procedure

Question 27

____ is the only area that should vome in contact with the sterile field. only ___ and ___ may be allowed in the sterile field. the sterile area should be draped starting from ______

Answer 27

• the doctors sterile area
• sterile objects and personnel
• the area closest to the person and extending outward.

Question 28

while a sterile field is created around a procedure sit, items below the level of the draped client are ______. a properly gowned and gloved persons sterile area extends from_____. sleves are sterile from 5cm (2 inches) above the elbow to the cuff.

Answer 28

• outside the field and are not sterile

- the chest to the level of the sterile field.

Question 29

once a sterile object coms into contact with a nonsterile object or person or the dust or other airborn particles. the object is no longer sterile. if even one nonsterile object or person enters the sterile field, the field is no longer___.

Answer 29

sterile

Question 30

the spike of an IV set is?

Answer 30

Sterile and must not come into contact with nonsterile objects.

Question 31

to maintain the sterile feild

Answer 31

1. do not place sterile items near open windows or doors
2. place only sterile items within the sterile field
3. do not contaminate sterile items when opening, dispensing, or transferring them
4. consider items located below the level of the draped client to be unsterile.
5. do not allow sterile personnel to reach across unsterile areas or to touch unsterile items.
6. do not allow unsterile personnel to reach across the sterile field or to touch sterile items
7. recognize and maintain the providers sterile area
8. recognize that the edges of a package containing sterile item are considered unsterile
9. recognize that a sterilr or high level disinfected barrier that has been penetrated (wet, cut, torn) is considered contaminated
10. be conscious of where your body is at all times, and move within or around the sterile or high level disinfected field in a way that remains sterility or high level disinfected status.

Question 32

BCLS steps

Answer 32

1. establish unresponsiveness
2. call for help , send for an AED
3. healthcare provider- 10 sec max to check for a pulse
4. strat chest compressions 30-2, 2 in deep, 100/min, allow chest recoil after every compression
5. open airway- head tilt/chin lift
6. if a neck injury is suspected use jaw thrust

Question 33

universal percautions in emergency situations suggest that all body fluids are

Answer 33

PIM= potentially infected material

Question 34

infectious fluids can enter our bodies through

Answer 34

1. absorption through mucous membrains covering the body openings
2. through an open, bleeding wound
3. through damaged areas of skin, caused by other sebere skin diseases.
4. mucous membraines are much thinner than normal skin.microscopic cuts in the membranes can allow germs to cross the membrane and enter the blood stream. also, fluids can be absorbed through these mrmbrains, even without cuts or breaks.
5. normal skin is much thicker than membrane and provides a good barrier to blood diseases. infectious fluids cannot be absorbed through skin that is intact

Question 35

have these materials on hand for cleaning up spills

Answer 35

1. a durable container to store the clean up supplies
2. several biohazard labeled bags
3. disinfectant
4. inert absorbing material
5. a small dust pain and hand brush
6. personal protective equipment, including gloves, goggles, face mask etc
7. a heavy cardboard box
8. a roll of paper towels
9. antiseptic wipes

Question 36

if blood has spilled directly onto you, it should be ____. if the material has spilled on your clothing and soaked through so that there is skin contact, _______. following removial, wash those areas where exposure is evident, even to thr point of taking a shoer. if blood or PIM has come into contact with any of the mucous membraines (eyes, mout, nose, lips) they should be _____.

if there is contact with open wounds or cracks in the skin, there is a risk of ____. immediately and thoroughly______________.

Answer 36

thoroughly washed off as soon as possible

• the clothes must be removed
• thoroughly rinsed.
• exposure
• wash hands with water and soap or an antiseptic cleaner if contaminiated with a body fluid.

Question 37

when clean up involves blood on a flat surface, you should first_______ so that others do not inadvertently enter the area until clean up is complete.

Soak the area for at least ____ with a disinfectant. you can be libral with disinfectant but don’t apply so heavely that it begis to run.

Allow at least ____ for the disinfectamnt to complete the decontamination. you can use the small hand broom and dustpan to clean up the spill.

deposit all clean up material in biowaste bag and close tightly. the bag should be secured in a ______. carfuilly remove gloves, coveralls, and boots, and discard in a biowaste bag. if used, the facemask should be disposed. goggles can be disinfected, rinsed and reused. the dust[pan and broom can also be disinfected, rinsed, airdried and reused

record and report the incident to your supervisor.

Answer 37

• delinate and mark the spill area
• 20 min
• 20 min
• biohazard “burn box”