Patient Care Flashcards
electrical safety
- always use properly grounded electrical devices with 3 prong pligs
- avoid the use of extension cords
- do not use any device with frayed cords
- inspect systems routinely
- during an ECG, pt should not be grounded, but chassis of ECG machine should be grounded
privacy is some what different than confidentiality
it refers to individuals rights to keep some info to themselves and to have it used only with their approvial. under HIPPA physicians must use and disclose omly the minimum necessary amount of patient info needed for the purpose in question. the institution m,ay use and disclose pt info for treatment, payment and health care operations without pt authorization. most other uses and disclosures of pt info requires an authorization.
liability
holds each individual responsible for their actions
negligence
doing something that a “reasonable person” will not do. not doing something that a reasonable person would do.
informed consent
protects doctors from claims of unauthorized procedure. in order to be legally binding, pt must be capable of giving consent. for invasive procedures, informed consent should be given to operating physician or cardiologist.
interpretation of exams
sonographers cannot provide interpretation of exam to patient. interpretation must come from physician
malpractice
claims can be avoided by effective communication between pats and medical personnel
denial
the refusal to acknowledge the existence or severity of unpleasant external realities or internal thoughts and feelings
initial assessment
including vitals. are used to establish a baseline to compare future results
wheelchair
moving a pt in or out breaks engaged, footrests retracted
foley cathater
is a flexible plastic tube that is inserted through the urethra, into the bladder, to drain urine.
to keep a foley catheter from slipping out…
it has a ballon on the end that is inflated with sterile water or saline omce the end is inside the bladder.
keep the foly catheter urinary drainage bag below the level of the bladder to________.
if the bag is elevated above bladder _____
bad below bladder= to keep the fluid flowing from the bladder into nthe collection bag
bag elevated= urine will collect in bladder
sterilization
is the elimination of all transmissible agents (such as bacteria and viruses) from a surface or a pice of equipment.
pathogens or infectious agents
are biological agents that causes disease or illness to its host, pathogens disrupt the normal physiology of an animal or plant. the term pathogen is derived from th greek “birth of pain”.
the human body has many natural defenses against some of the more common pathogens in the form of the _______ and by some “helpful” bacteria present in the human bods normal ___. however, if the immune system or “good” bacteria is damaged, pathogenic bacteria that wew being controlled can multiply and cause harm to the host. such causes are called _____
- human immune system
- flora
- opportunistic infections
flora
mucous membrains, such as the intestinal lining , are constantly in cntact with enviormental organisms and become readly colonized by various microbial species, called flora
pathogens are responsible for massive amounts of casualties and have harmful effects on afflicted groups.
of particular note is HIV, which has infected several million humans globally, as well as Severe Acutte Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
methods of sterilization
- autoclaves
2. chemical sterilization
the perfered principle for sterilization is through
heat and pressure
autoclaves sterilization
a widely used method for heat sterilization. use steam heated 121 degrees C and pressure at 103kPa above atmospheric, for 15 min. the steam and pressure transfer heat into organisms to kill them. usefull parameter-time and temperature.
chemical sterilization
although heating provides the most effective way to destroy transmissible agents, it is not always appropriate, because it destroys objects such as fiber optics, electronics, and plastics.
ethylene oxide (EO)
gas iis commonly used to sterilize objects that can not survive tempratures greater then 60degrees C such as plastics, optics, and electrics.
sepsis
to soil or dirty. “A” measns withought
Aseptic
means “without microorganisms”. aseptic technique refers to practices that reduce post procedure infections in pts by decreasing the likelihood that microorganisms will emnter the body during clinical procedures.
a sterile field is an
area created by placing sterile towels or surgical drapes around the procedure site and on the stand that holds ssterile instruments used during procedure
____ is the only area that should vome in contact with the sterile field. only ___ and ___ may be allowed in the sterile field. the sterile area should be draped starting from ______
- the doctors sterile area
- sterile objects and personnel
- the area closest to the person and extending outward.
while a sterile field is created around a procedure sit, items below the level of the draped client are ______. a properly gowned and gloved persons sterile area extends from_____. sleves are sterile from 5cm (2 inches) above the elbow to the cuff.
- outside the field and are not sterile
- the chest to the level of the sterile field.
once a sterile object coms into contact with a nonsterile object or person or the dust or other airborn particles. the object is no longer sterile. if even one nonsterile object or person enters the sterile field, the field is no longer___.
sterile
the spike of an IV set is?
Sterile and must not come into contact with nonsterile objects.
to maintain the sterile feild
- do not place sterile items near open windows or doors
- place only sterile items within the sterile field
- do not contaminate sterile items when opening, dispensing, or transferring them
- consider items located below the level of the draped client to be unsterile.
- do not allow sterile personnel to reach across unsterile areas or to touch unsterile items.
- do not allow unsterile personnel to reach across the sterile field or to touch sterile items
- recognize and maintain the providers sterile area
- recognize that the edges of a package containing sterile item are considered unsterile
- recognize that a sterilr or high level disinfected barrier that has been penetrated (wet, cut, torn) is considered contaminated
- be conscious of where your body is at all times, and move within or around the sterile or high level disinfected field in a way that remains sterility or high level disinfected status.
BCLS steps
- establish unresponsiveness
- call for help , send for an AED
- healthcare provider- 10 sec max to check for a pulse
- strat chest compressions 30-2, 2 in deep, 100/min, allow chest recoil after every compression
- open airway- head tilt/chin lift
- if a neck injury is suspected use jaw thrust
universal percautions in emergency situations suggest that all body fluids are
PIM= potentially infected material
infectious fluids can enter our bodies through
- absorption through mucous membrains covering the body openings
- through an open, bleeding wound
- through damaged areas of skin, caused by other sebere skin diseases.
- mucous membraines are much thinner than normal skin.microscopic cuts in the membranes can allow germs to cross the membrane and enter the blood stream. also, fluids can be absorbed through these mrmbrains, even without cuts or breaks.
- normal skin is much thicker than membrane and provides a good barrier to blood diseases. infectious fluids cannot be absorbed through skin that is intact
have these materials on hand for cleaning up spills
- a durable container to store the clean up supplies
- several biohazard labeled bags
- disinfectant
- inert absorbing material
- a small dust pain and hand brush
- personal protective equipment, including gloves, goggles, face mask etc
- a heavy cardboard box
- a roll of paper towels
- antiseptic wipes
if blood has spilled directly onto you, it should be ____. if the material has spilled on your clothing and soaked through so that there is skin contact, _______. following removial, wash those areas where exposure is evident, even to thr point of taking a shoer. if blood or PIM has come into contact with any of the mucous membraines (eyes, mout, nose, lips) they should be _____.
if there is contact with open wounds or cracks in the skin, there is a risk of ____. immediately and thoroughly______________.
thoroughly washed off as soon as possible
- the clothes must be removed
- thoroughly rinsed.
- exposure
- wash hands with water and soap or an antiseptic cleaner if contaminiated with a body fluid.
when clean up involves blood on a flat surface, you should first_______ so that others do not inadvertently enter the area until clean up is complete.
Soak the area for at least ____ with a disinfectant. you can be libral with disinfectant but don’t apply so heavely that it begis to run.
Allow at least ____ for the disinfectamnt to complete the decontamination. you can use the small hand broom and dustpan to clean up the spill.
deposit all clean up material in biowaste bag and close tightly. the bag should be secured in a ______. carfuilly remove gloves, coveralls, and boots, and discard in a biowaste bag. if used, the facemask should be disposed. goggles can be disinfected, rinsed and reused. the dust[pan and broom can also be disinfected, rinsed, airdried and reused
record and report the incident to your supervisor.
- delinate and mark the spill area
- 20 min
- 20 min
- biohazard “burn box”
