Pathophysiology of treatment

Question 1

ACBT is used for

Answer 1

clearance of excess secretions from the lungs

improving ventilation of the lungs

Question 2

When is a longer period of breathing control needed

Answer 2

anxiety, wheeze, SOB, irritable cough

Question 3

what should be taken prior to ACT

Answer 3

neubilser, bronchodilators - 30 min before

Question 4

Breathing control

Answer 4

reduces work of breathing and consequently oxygen requirements.

Assists with recovery from shortness of breath, fatigue and sign of bronchospasm

Question 5

Thoracic expansion

Answer 5

facilitate collateral ventilation which is enhanced by the breath hold.

Increased inspired volumes results in a decrease in resistance and air flows through these channels to enhance expiratory flow behind the secretions.

during inspiration expanding alveoli exert forces on the adjacent alveoli enhancing recruitment of lung units

Question 6

Huff

Answer 6

Equal pressure point (pressure w/in the bronchi equals peri-bronchial pressure)

EPP move peripherally into smaller airways as lung volume decreases and the pressure w/in airway falls. This alongside turbulent airflow created facilitates the movement of secretions downstream towards the mouth.

Question 7

OSCPEP - acapella

Answer 7

encourages airflow behind secretion
oscillations induce vibrations w/in airway wall to displace secretion. repeated acceleration of expiratory airway favour movement of secretions from the peripheral to the central airways

Question 8

gravity assisted drainage

Answer 8

the positive effect on airway clearance and secretion expectoration is due to both gravity assisted drainage and improved ventilation

moves from periphery to central upper airway

segment above carina

Question 9

GAD positions

Answer 9

Upper lobes
apical segments = 30 degree sitting and 30 degree angle.

anterior segment flat on back

posterior - lying on left side 45 degress on to face resting against a pillow with another supporting head

lower lobbe

posterior - prone with a pillow under hips

Question 10

Cupping

Answer 10

application of force to chest wall alters the intrapleural pressure. Pressure change is transmitted through to the lung tissue and assists in disloding secretions from the airway wall.

FET then used

Question 11

vibrations and shaking

Answer 11

manual application of fine oscillatory movements - timed with expiration

Question 12

RBT - Pursed lip breathing

Answer 12

increase positive pressure generated within the airways and stent the small bronchioles, thereby preventing premature airway collapse.

this technique helps to keep airways open longer so that you can remove the air that is trapped in your lungs by slowing down your breathing rate and relieving shortness of breath.

Question 13

RBT - Diaphragmatic breathing

Answer 13

start with diaphragmatic breathing then move to rectangle

focus on slowing the respiratory rate by using a process such as counting the breaths while expanding the abdomen and inhaling deeply through the nose, pausing, then contracting the abdomen and exhaling slowly and completely though the mouth

Question 14

PEP

Answer 14

splinting small bronchioles open to loosen secretions from them

Question 15

Breathing thinking functioning model

Answer 15

cycles of breathlessness

dysfunctional breathing - predominantly using accessory or upper chest muscle

thinking - anxiety increases repiraoty rate cause muscle tension resulting in increase wob and respiratory demand

functioning domain - breathlessness- unpleasant so pts avoid resulting in muscle deconditioning and reduced oxidative capacity and muscle fibre atrophy.