Asthma

Question 1

Pathophysiology

Answer 1

Bronchoconstriction - in exacerbations it occurs quickly to narrow airways in response to exposure to stimuli

Question 2

Other factors that limit airflow

Answer 2

edema, inflammation, mucus hypersecretion and the formation of inspissated mucus plugs, as well as structural changes including hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the airway smooth muscle.

Question 3

Airway hyperresponsiveness is

Answer 3

exaggerated bronchoconstrictor response to a wide variety of stimuli

Question 4

what influences hyperresponsiveness

Answer 4

inflammation, dysfunctional neuroregulation, and structural changes; inflammation appears to be a major factor in determining the degree of airway hyperresponsiveness.

Question 5

Airway remodeling involves

Answer 5

activation of many of the structural cells, with consequent permanent changes in the airway that increase airflow obstruction and airway responsiveness and render the patient less responsive to therapy.

Question 6

Signs and symptoms

Answer 6

Wheeze
Cough
Breathlessness
Chest tightness

Question 7

Diagnosis

Answer 7

Family history
peak flow
FeNO test

Question 8

Auscultations

Answer 8

Decreased breath sounds - diminished airflow
Expiratory wheeze - bronchospasm
Prolonged expiration phase
Crackles sometimes heard - sputum

Question 9

Management

Answer 9

smoking cessation
Attempt to avoid asthma triggers
weight loss