Pathophysiology of respiratory disease and failure

Question 1

What is type 1 respiratory failure

Answer 1

hypoxic

affects lung parenchyma/cardiopulmonary circulation

low CO2 and O2

Question 2

What is type 2 resp failure

Answer 2

hypercapnia

High PaCO2 usually and low PaO2
Alveolar hypoventilation

Question 3

Possible causes of Type 1 resp failure

Answer 3

Acute asthma
PE
Pulmonary oedema

low O2 and low CO2

Question 4

Possible causes of Type 2 failure

Answer 4

NM disorders
COPD
chest wall defomities

Question 5

meaning of dyspnoea

Answer 5

Breathlessness

Question 6

What is haemoptysis a sign of

Answer 6

infection and bronchial carcinoma
Bronchiectasis
Pulmonary oedema and TB

Question 7

What is wheeze a sign of

Answer 7

Typical feature of airway obstruction
Caused by airway vibration
More pronounced during expiration

Question 8

What are common causes of hypoxia and what causes these things

Answer 8

V/P mismatch - COPD/asthma/PE
Impaired gas transfer- Fibrosis/oedema
right -left shunt- congenital heart disease
hypoventilation- obstruction CNS drugs
- NM disease - exhaustion

Question 9

What needs to be monitored for resp disease

Answer 9

Clinical assessment
Blood gas
pulse oximetry
capnography

Question 10

How do we manage respiratory failure

Answer 10

O2 therapy
Treat airway obstruction
Control secretions
Treat pulmonary oedema