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PBCP- Pathophysiology > Pathophysiology of Heart Failure > Flashcards

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure Flashcards

1
Q

What happens in the diastole phase

A

relaxation/ filling
active late filling
early filling
diastasis ( equilibrium phase)

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2
Q

What happens in the systolic phase

A

Contraction
isovolumic contraction
Ventricular ejection

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3
Q

What are some causes of heart failure

A

IHD/MI
hypertension
valvular heart disease
heart muscle damage ( cardiomyopathy)

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4
Q

What is the eqn for CO?

A

CO = SV X HR

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5
Q

What is cardiac output

A

Blood pumped around the body in 1 minute

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6
Q

What is stroke volume determined by

A

Determined by the cardiac stretch

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7
Q

What is starlings law

A

CO= arterial pressure/ peripheral resistance

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8
Q

What are the consequences of forward failure of the pump?

A

Failure to provide adequate perfusion to tissues

hypoxia/tachycardia/fatigue

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9
Q

What are the consequences of backward failure of the pump?

A

Pressure inside the cardiac chambers increase

Back pressure alters vascular haemodynamics

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10
Q

What are signs and symptoms of left ventricular failure

A

increase in pulmonary venous pressure
pulmonary oedema
decrease in lung compliance

dyspneoa
central cyanosis

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11
Q

What are signs and symptoms of right ventricular failure

A

Elevated JVP
ankle oedema
Systemic Venous pressure increase

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12
Q

Signs and symptoms of decreased cardiac output

A

Fatigue
hypotension
reduced perfusion
peripheral cyanosis

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13
Q

What is a displaced apex beat indicative of?

A

Ventricular dilation/hypertrophy

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14
Q

What is tachycardia indicative of

A

sympathetic compensation

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15
Q

What happens in sympathetic activation

A

Increase in work and oxygen

Increase in HR
Increase IN BP
Increase In vascular tone
Increase in cardiac contractility (inotropy)

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16
Q

What will an increase in contractile dysfunction mean

A

persistant
- heart cell muscle hypertrophy
apoptosis
fibrosis

17
Q

What are the actions of natruietic peptides

A 
Natriueresis 
vasodilators 
inhibition 
salt/fluid retention 
vasocontriction 
myocyte growth

PBCP- Pathophysiology (11 decks)

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