Pathophysiology of acid base disorders

Question 1

What are the two main sources of H+

Answer 1

Cell respiration

metabolic production of fixed acids

Question 2

What is the role of kidneys

Answer 2

Reabsorb bicarb

get rid of H+ directly

Question 3

What are three things we can see from an arterial blood sample

Answer 3

pH
PaCO2
plasma

Question 4

What does pH of ABG tell you

Answer 4

overall acid base status

Question 5

What does PaCO2 from ABG tell you

Answer 5

Reflects resp contribution to acid base balance/disorder

Question 6

What does Plasma from ABG tell you

Answer 6

metabolic contribution

Question 7

What is meant by base XS

Answer 7

The quantity of strong acid which has to be added to a litre of fully saturated blood to bring pH to 7.4

Question 8

What will increase the anion gap

Answer 8

Renal failure
Lactic acidosis
Ketoacidosis in diabetes
acid ingestion

Question 9

What intiates metabolic alkalosis and what can it lead to

Answer 9

Loss of acids - vomiting
tiazide and loop diuretics

addition of base - XS HCO3

Question 10

How is metabolic alkalosis maintained?

Answer 10

Cl- and K+ depletion