Pathophysiology General Principles Flashcards
Disease
Specific pathological problem
Etiology
Cause of disease
Symptom
Polyuria, thirsty, etc
Sign
Hyperglycemia, glucosuria
Syndrome
Metabolic syndrome, hypertension, obesity, etc
Complications vs sequelae
Complications are not the normal course of the disease
Sequelae are associated with the disease
Pathogenesis
Sequence of events leading to disease
Prognosis
Predicting outcomes of sickness
Prevalence vs incidence
Prevalence: Number of new cases at one point in time
Incidence: Total number of cases over a longer time period
Mortality and morbidity
Mortality: High rate of death
Morbidity: Lower the quality of life after
Acute vs chronic
Acute: Abrupt onset, short term
Chronic: Long time sickness or disease
Cellular Injury Examples
Hypoxia/ischemia
Physical factors: Trauma
Mechanical injury: Temperature extreme and electrical
Chemical poisons: Iatrogenic, acute, chronic
Infectious/biological disease: Bacterial/viral/parasitic infection
Radiation: Accidental, therapeutic
Nutritional disorders: Deficiencies or excessive
Immunologic disorders: Deficiencies or excessive
Genetic derangement: Minor catastrophic
Cellular death/dying examples
Apoptosis: Tightly regulated, programmed death
Comprised of spent, excessive, genetically damaged, and improperly developed cells
No inflammatory response
Necrosis: Unregulated, enzymatic digestion of the cell
Loss of cell membrane, uncontrolled release of cell contents, Initiation of inflammatory response, and gangrene
Cellular neoplastic transformation
Cellular adaptation examples
Cell reaction to prevent/minimize injury
