Pathophysiology for HR Flashcards
1
Q
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1
A
- chronic disease effecting multiple systems of body as a result of no or insufficient insulin production
- insulin is required from outside source
- increases susceptibility to infection
- peripheral neruopathy can occur
- diabetic ketoacidosis is life threatening complication
2
Q
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
A
life threatening complications
signs are SOB, kassmaul breathing, fruity breath, nausea, vomitting, dry mouth
-can occur when no or insufficient insulin is taken
-ketones increase and blood pH drops(becomes acidic)
3
Q
Peripheral Neuropathy
A
- can occur as result of exposure to high blood glucose levels
- often affects sensation in toes and feet first, but can start anywhere
- increases risk of skin ulcers and can lead to amputation
- lack of sensation increases rick of infection and complications like gangrene
- risk factors are high blood glucose, obesity, smoking, and high BP
4
Q
Hypertension
A
- sustained elevation of BP over 140mmHg systolic or 90mmHg diastolic
- peripheral vascular rsistance increased
- increases risk of blindness, MI, renal failure, TIA, ischemic stroke
- increases risk for DM complications
5
Q
Stroke
A
- sudden interruption of blood flow to part of brain
- if oxygen cut off, neuron death can occur
- physical symptoms seen on opposite side of body than side of brain affected
- risk factors include CAD, HTN, DM
6
Q
Coronary Artery Disease
A
- disorder of blood vessels
- lipids deposited inside arteries causing coronary artery narrowing over time
- complicated lesions can result in blockages or ruptures
- oxygen deprivation leads to build-up of lactic acid and acidosis that impairs left ventricular function
- strength, force, and velocity of myocardial contraction are diminished and less blood ejected by each contraction
7
Q
Kussmaul Breathing
A
Kussmaul breathing is a deep and labored breathing pattern often associated with severe metabolic acidosis, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) but also kidney failure.
