Pathophysiology: Chapter 26: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System Flashcards
In the 95% of those with delayed puberty, the problem is caused by which condition?
a. Disruption in the hypothalamus
b. Disruption of the pituitary
c. Deficit in estrogen or testosterone
d. Physiologic hormonal delays
ANS: D
In 95% of cases, delayed puberty is a physiologic delay; that is, hormonal levels are
normal and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is intact, but maturation is
happening slowly. This selection is the only option that accurately describes 95% of those
with delayed puberty.
What is the first sign of puberty in boys?
a. Thickening of the scrotal skin
b. Growth of pubic hair
c. Enlargement of the testes
d. Change in voice
ANS: C
The first sign of puberty in boys is an enlargement of the testes and a thinning of the
scrotal skin.
Which type of precocious puberty causes the child to develop some secondary sex
characteristics of the opposite sex?
a. Mixed c. Isosexual
b. Incomplete d. Homosexual
ANS: A
Mixed precocious puberty (i.e., virilization of a girl or feminization of a boy) causes the
child to develop some secondary sex characteristics of the opposite sex. This selection is
the only option that accurately identifies the type of precocious puberty described.
What term is used to identify a condition in which the foreskin cannot be retracted over the
glans penis?
a. Paraphimosis c. Prephimosis
b. Priapism d. Phimosis
ANS: D
Phimosis is the only term used to identify the condition in which the foreskin cannot be
retracted back over the glans.
What term is used to identify a fibrotic condition that causes lateral curvature of the penis
during erection, which is associated with a local vasculitis-like inflammatory reaction and
decreased tissue oxygenation?
a. Phimosis c. Lateral paraphimosis
b. Lateral phimosis d. Peyronie disease
ANS: D
Peyronie disease (bent nail syndrome) is a fibrotic condition of the tunica albuginea of the
penis, resulting in varying degrees of curvature and sexual dysfunction (see Figure 25-2).
Although the exact cause is unknown, a local vasculitis-like inflammatory reaction occurs
and decreased tissue oxygenation results in fibrosis and calcification. Peyronie disease is
the only term used to identify the pathophysiologic condition described.
What term is used to identify an inflammation of the glans penis?
a. Glanitis c. Priapism
b. Balanitis d. Hydrocelitis
ANS: B
Balanitis is the only term used to identify an inflammation of the glans penis
Cryptorchidism can be defined as which of the following?
a. Normal developmental state of the testes
b. Abnormal state in which the testes are overdeveloped
c. Lack of scrotum
d. Testicular maldescent
ANS: D
Cryptorchidism is a condition of testicular maldescent, the only option that accurately
defines cryptorchidism.
What is the most common infectious cause of orchitis and one that usually affects
postpubertal boys?
a. Herpes c. Mumps
b. Escherichia coli d. Cytomegalovirus
ANS: C
Of the options available, mumps is the most common infectious cause of orchitis and
usually affects postpubertal boys.
The risk of which cancer is greater if the man has a history of cryptorchidism?
a. Penile c. Prostate
b. Testicular d. Epididymal
ANS: B
The risk of testicular cancer is 35 to 50 times greater in men with cryptorchidism or in
those with a history of cryptorchidism than it is for the general male population. This is not
true of the other options.
What are the clinical manifestations of testicular cancer?
a. Firm, nontender testicular mass
b. Painful, mobile, firm testicular mass
c. Painful fluid-filled testicular mass
d. Soft, nontender testicular mass
ANS: A
Of the options available, a firm, painless testicular enlargement is commonly identified as
the first sign of testicular cancer.
How does the epididymis become infected?
a. The pathogenic microorganisms ascend the vasa deferentia from an already
infected urethra or bladder.
b. The pathogenic microorganisms are attached to sperm that travel through the
genital tract.
c. The pathogenic microorganisms from the tunica vaginalis are transported to the
epididymis.
d. The pathogenic microorganisms from the prostate fluid ascend to the epididymis.
ANS: A
The pathogenic microorganisms usually reach the epididymis by ascending the vasa
deferentia from an already infected urethra or bladder. Of the selections available, this is
the only option that accurately describes how the epididymis becomes infected.
ymptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are a result of which pathophysiologic
condition?
a. Infection of the prostate c. Ischemia of the urethra
b. Obstruction of the urethra d. Compression of the urethra
ANS: D
BPH becomes problematic as prostatic tissue compresses the urethra, where it passes
through the prostate. Of the selections available, only this option accurately describes the
pathophysiologic condition behind the symptoms of BPH.
Which infection has clinical manifestations that include the sudden onset of malaise, low
back pain, and perineal pain with high fever and chills, dysuria, nocturia, and urinary
retention?
a. Orchitis c. Epididymitis
b. Balanitis d. Bacterial prostatitis
ANS: D
Bacterial prostatitis can exhibit common manifestations that include a sudden onset of
malaise, low back and perineal pain, high fever (up to 40° C [104° F]), and chills, as well
as dysuria, inability to empty the bladder, nocturia, and urinary retention. Myalgia and
arthralgia also may occur. This selection is the only option that exhibits the symptoms
described.
Priapism has been associated with the abuse of what substance?
a. Marijuana c. Cocaine
b. Alcohol d. Heroin
ANS: C
Of the options available, priapism has been associated with cocaine use.
Which age group should be targeted for testicular cancer education and screening?
a. 15 to 35 year olds c. 30 to 55 year olds
b. 20 to 45 year olds d. 45 to 70 year olds
ANS: A
Overall, testicular cancers are rare, yet they are the most common form of cancer in young
men between the ages of 15 and 35 years.
