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NCLEX-PN > Pathophysiology > Flashcards

Pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

Diltiazem

A

Calcium Channel Blocker that treats HTN, angina, and certain heart rhythm disorders

Check apical pulse and BP before adminstration

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2
Q

Fluoxetine

A

SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor)
Regulates serotonin levels in the brain
Used for depression

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3
Q

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate’s action

A

Decrease K

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4
Q

Memantine

A

Used to treat moderate to severe dementia

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5
Q

Corticoid inhaler side effects

A

Thrush

Rinse and brush after use

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6
Q

Levothyroxine

A

Treats hypothyroidism and suppresses goiter

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7
Q

Phenytoin

A

Anticonvulsant (anti seizure)
Adverse effect is aplastic anemia
Causes gingival overgrowth, swelling and bleeding of gums

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8
Q

Dexamethasone

A

Corticosteroid used to treat severe inflammation with rheumatoid arthritis

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9
Q

Donepezil

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor
Used to treat mild to moderate dementia caused by alzheimers
Improves function of nerve cells in brain
Prevents breakdown of acetylcholine

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10
Q

SSRI’s

A

Antidepressants

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11
Q

Antipsychotics and Benzodiazepines

A

Used for behavioural problems such as agitation, physical aggression, and disinhibition

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12
Q

Zolpidem

A

Helps with sleep disturbances with alzheimers
Sedative or hypnotic
Used to treat insomnia
People report doing wild things in sleep with no memory later

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13
Q

Hydroxychloroquine

A

Reduces swelling and joint pain while also decreasing skin problems in patients with lupus
Retinal toxicity is side effect so see Dr. yearly

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14
Q

Mitotic inhibitors

A

Chemotherapeutic agent

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15
Q

Fludrocortisone

A

Steroid used in adrenal insufficiency

Monitor weight daily

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16
Q

Education for Isoniazid

A

Used for TB!
Notify provider if dark urine, jaundice, clay colored stool (sign of hepatotoxicity)
Avoid eating aged cheese and smoked fish
Take B6 along with it, it decreases B6
Take on empty stomach, 1 hr before food or 2 hr after food
Caution against orthostatic hypotension

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17
Q

Sulcrafate

A

Used to treat and prevent ulcers. Produces a lining over the stomach
Take on empty stomach
Absorbed at increased rate when acidity level of stomach is higher, so avoid antacids 1 hr before/after

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18
Q

Haloperidol extrapyramidal side effects

A

Antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia
EPS: restlessness, muscle weakness, drooling, shuffling gait
First action when exhibiting these is to administer PRN Beztropine Mesylate - counteracts EPS

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19
Q

Naproxen

A

NSAID
Can cause GI bleeding and dyspepsia
Avoid antacids with NSAID use!

20
Q

Digoxin use and toxicity

A

Helps heart beat stronger and pump more blood
Used to treat HF
Toxicity is vision issues!

21
Q

Sublingual nitroglycerin onset

A

1-3 minutes

Can also be administered buccal

22
Q

Calcium channel blockers

A

Help relax the muscles in walls of vessels

Antihypertensive medications

23
Q

Spironolactone

A

Potassium sparing diuretic

24
Q

Sulfonylureas

A

Treats type II diabetes
Increases release of insulin
Hold for BS<100 until patient eats

25
Q

Hypothyroid medications

A

Wait 4 hours before giving iron. Interferes with medication

26
Q

Acetylsalicyclic Acid

A

Aspirin!
Administered by chewing or swallowing tab
Faster absorption from chewing

27
Q

TrandolaPRIL

A

Ace inhibitor

28
Q

Diuretics food changes

A

Lower BP

Limit slat intake and increase potassium

29
Q

Long term effects of steroids

A

Decrease calcium, so body takes from bones, increases osteoporosis

30
Q

Iron administration

A

Best absorbed on an empty stomach

If N/V occurs, drink with OJ

31
Q

Glycopyrrolate

A

Decreases stomach secretions.

Used prior to surgeries to decrease risk of aspiration

32
Q

Promethazone

A

Antiemetic

Other side effects: antianxiety, sedation, blurred vision

33
Q

Diazepam

A

Do not mix with any other med!

Antianxiety

34
Q

Iron administration

A

Z track method!

Preferred site: ventrogluteal

35
Q

Alendronate

A

Treats osteoporosis

Take AM!

36
Q

Pantoprazole

37
Q

Aspirin administration

A

NOT SUBLINGUAL OR BUCCAL!

For faster absorption, chew then swallow

38
Q

Insulin Aspart mixture

A

Rapid acting - 15 minutes

This is novolog!

39
Q

Lantus

A

Long acting - 45 minutes

40
Q

NPH

A

Intermediate acting - 90 minutes

41
Q

Antidote for warfarin

A

Phytonadione - man made form of vitamin K

42
Q

Protamine sulfate

A

Counteracts lovenox and heparin

43
Q

Calcium Gluconate

A

Counteracts magnesium sulfate

44
Q

Methargine

A

Increases uterine contractions after delivery

45
Q

Chelating agents

A

Used to treat clients with poison from lead or iron

46
Q

Activated charcoil

A

Removes noncorrosive poisons

NCLEX-PN (5 decks)

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