New! Flashcards
Indomethacin
Used to treat Pain, inflammation, and fever
Bacterial meningitis signs
Kernig’s sign and brudzinski’s sign
Photophobia
Severe Headache
Nuchal rigidity - stiff neck
How to diagnose CMV
Fresh stool sample
Aspirin toxicity common symptom
Tinnitus
Diet for gout
Low protein
Specific gravity normal
High and low
1.005-1.030
Low = dilute urine
High = concentrated urine
Duodenal ulcer pain
Pain lessons when you eat
Lithium toxicity signs
Increased thirst and urination
IV potassium administration
Monitor UO before and during administration! K is excreted by the kidneys, so if decreased UO, K will increase!
Cushing disease
Increased production of aldosterone
Sodium level too high
Look for neurological changes
Magnesium
Acts like a sedative - assess respiratory function and deep tendon reflexes
Excreted through the kidneys
Alcohol messes with magnesium!
Electrical burns
Internal damage
Assess for entry and exit wounds
Anticipate bone fractures, so apply neck collar and put on a spine board
Carbon monoxide poisoning symptoms
Similar to the flu
Extreme weakness, dizziness, blurred vision, confusion
Lips and skin turns red!
Burning patient
Extinguish flames then splash with cool water. Need to stop burning process!!
Remove jewelry
Cover with blanket for hypothermia
Lab values
BUN
Phosphate
BUN 10-20
Phosphate 3-4.5
Cushings disease
Mood changes, truncal obesity, Hirsutism (female with male characteristics), hyperclycemia, hypokalemia
HbA1C test
Measures average serum glucose attached to hemoglobin over 90 days
Tests how well persons diabetes is controlled!
Type II diabetic carb diet
45% complex carbs
Pt with mania
Do not talk about delusions
Remove all excess stimuli. So turn off radio and TV
Only give 1 cigarette at a time, otherwise they will light the whole pack
S/S of schizophrenia
Flat affect, inappropriate affect, or a blunted affect
Religious preaching common
Hallucinations and delusions
Concrete thinking
Client with auditory hallucinations
Assign staff to be with client. Safety issue! Voices could be telling them to harm themselves or others.
Reorient to reality
Do not ask them to explain hallucinations, feeds into it
Nitroglycerin
Increases blood flow to the heart by dilating coronary arteries
BP could drop because of dilation of arteries leading to feeling faint, so sit down when taking drug
Most common side effect is a headache
Store in a dark, glass bottle so it doesn’t lose potency
Aminoglycoside toxicity
Nephrotoxic!
Examples: Gentamicin, Streptomycin
Nephrotic syndrome
Damage to micro blood vessels in kidneys
Peritoneal dialysis
Dialysate should sit out to be warmed to room temp
Infused into peritoneal cavity
Drains by gravity for 20-30 min
Liver functions
Produces clotting factors
Detoxifies the body
Breaksdown medications
Cholecystectomy eating habits
Want to slow down the food in digestive tract
Sit semi recumbant when eating
Lie down on L side after meals
Decrease intake of carbs
Abdominal surgery post op position
Semifowlers to reduce pressure on abdomen and suture line
Position for a thoracentesis
Sitting on side of bed leaning over a bedside table
Procedure is done to remove excess fluid from thoracic cavity
Procedure comes from the posterior side
Chest tube (CDU = chest drainage unit) normal findings
- Continuous bubbling in suction control chamber
- Intermittent bubbling in water seal when pt coughs, sneezes, or exhales
- Slight fluctuations of water level in water seal chamber with respiraitons
- <100 mL of drainage every hr except for first hr. >100 mL is considered excessive
- Always keep below level of chest
Continuous bubbling in water seal indicates an air leak
- Notify provider! Need an order in order to clamp tube
Amputations below the knew compression stocking
Used to help shape the stump to make it easier to fit in prosthesis
Tenting of skin
Dehydration sign!
Fracture assessment signs
Swelling, discoloration, deformity, crepitus
Cast care for new cast
Takes up to 72 hours to dry completely
Keep uncovered until dry
Rest on soft pillow
Use palm of hand to move for first 24-72 hours
Mark case if there is breakthrough bleeding
Lumbar puncture post op position
Prone
Increased intracranial pressure signs
Projectile vomiting
Widening pulse pressure
Delay in verbal response
Increased ICP interventions
Maintain temp below 100.4 Monitor vitals for cushings triad Limit suctioning Raise HOB Head midline and in neutral position
Basilar skull fracture signs
Positive halo test
Raccoon eyes
Battle sign
Autonomic dysreflexia
Priority is to elevate HOB to decrease BP!
Caused by fecal impaction or urinary retention
Quick and dangerous increase in BP
Stimuli like a draft or increase in temp makes it worse.
Post mastectomy teaching
Protect hand and arm from cuts. Tiny cuts can turn into major infections
Squeeze ball/comb hair with affected side to promote circulation
Radiation therapy - expected signs and symptoms
Skin shedding, erythema w/ pain, pancytopenia, exhaustion
N/V expected from chemotherapy
PT/s with radiation implant
Visitors stay 30 min max and must be 6 ft
Wear film badge during shift
Nurse rotate assignment daily and should not care for more than one radiation patient per shift
Primary prevention
Prevent yourself from getting disease
EX maintain healthy weight, exercise, etc
Secondary prevention
Detecting a disease
EX mammogram or colonoscopy
Tertiary prevention
Support groups and rehabilitation programs
Mastitis treatment
Plenty of bed rest Wear supporting bra No chilled cabbage leaf! Only if breast feeding is being discontinued Start Breast feeding with affect breast Take ABX immediately after feeding Take hot showers - causes breast to leak
Presumptive signs of pregnancy
Could be caused by other factors
Amenorrhea, fatigue, enlarged/tender breast, increased urination, nauses
Probable signs of pregnancy
Positive pregnancy test
Outline of fetus palpated
Braxton hicks contractions
Enlarged uterus
Positive signs (Goodell’s, chadwicks, hegars)
Facial chloasma - patches of dark skin on face
Positive signs of pregnancy
FHR detected Birth Fetal movement felt by nurse or dr Ultrasound Visible movement seen by dr
Pregnancy education
Gain no more than 4 pounds during first tri
Walking and swimming are best exercises
Increase protein to 60 grams a day
Indication of preeclampsia
Weight gain of >4 pounds in third tri
Check BP and urine for protein!
True labor
Regular contractions
Pain level increases with change in activity
Betamethasone
Helps fetal lungs mature
Mag sulfate, terbutaline, nifedipine
Relaxes uterus to stop contractions
Pain during breast feeding in abdomen
Normal. Oxytocin is released causing uterus to contract
Anterior and posterior fontanel closure
Anterior closes between 12-18 months
Posterior closes between 2-3 months
Vitals for toddlers
Count RR and HR for 1 full minute
Sickle cell crisis
Hydration is important!
