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PHSL232 > pathophysiology > Flashcards

pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

what is hypertension

A

high arterial blood pressure at rest

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2
Q

what is stage 1 of hypertension (SAP) (DAP)

A

SAP: 130-139
DAP: 80-90

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3
Q

what is the cause for primary hypertension

A

unknown

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4
Q

what are the physiological factors that determine MAP

A

HR
SV
TPR

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5
Q

how does the physiological factors change with hypertension

A

increase in peripheral vascular resistance
large change in systolic

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6
Q

why does small changes in diastolic mean large changes in systolic

A

at higher pressures the arteries are stiffer and less compliant

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7
Q

does arterial compliance reduce or increase with hypertension and age

A

reduce

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8
Q

what happens to the arterial wall with age

A

less elastic more collagen - different type and crosslinking
= more stiffer and tighter together

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9
Q

what are the physical factors that determine MAP

A
  • arterial blood volume
  • arterial compliance
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10
Q

how do the physical factors (arterial blood volume and arterial compliance) change with hypertension

A

volume increase
compliance decreases (vessels become sitffer

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11
Q

explain arteriosclerosis

A
  • media thickening
  • increase stiffness
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12
Q

explain atherosclerosis

A
  • change of intima
  • blockage of arteries
  • coronary and peripheral artery disease
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13
Q

during systole what is the flow (high or low)

A

high

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14
Q

what is the flow of blood caused by

A

ejection of heart

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15
Q

what is the pulse wave and is it faster than flow heart

A

very fast
- pressure wave caused by contraction of heart

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16
Q

where to reflections form

A

form at bifurcation

17
Q

what vessels are stiffer - proximal or distal

A

distal

18
Q

what is pulmonary hypertension

A

high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries

19
Q

what is normal BP in pulmonary arties and what is PH

A

normal 15 mmHg and PH >25mmHg

20
Q

is PH a common diesease

A

not common - rare

21
Q

what are the symptoms of PH

A

non specfic
e.g. breathless, fatigue and chest pain

22
Q

what changes remodelling of the pulmonary arteries during PH

A

arteriosclerosis
atheroslerosis
thombosisi - inflamation

23
Q

what are the causes of remodelling on PH

A

increase pressure
endothelial dsyfunction
vasodilation and vasoconstriction balance is altered

24
Q

what are the consequences for the pulmonary systems with PH

A
  • more difficult to pump blood (right side)
    increase reistance = increase artery pressy
    severe bronchial obstruction
    decrease diffusion capacit for O2
    hypoxemia
25
Q

what is the treatment of PH

A

PDE-5 inhibitor - blue pill - positivve side effect for erections

26
Q
A

PHSL232 (6 decks)

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