pathophysiology Flashcards
What is Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Progressive degeneration of nerve cells that control muscle movements
The most common (upper and lower) motor neuron disease among adults
What is Parkinsons’ Disease?
A neurological disorder that targets brain cells that control movement.
Common Symptoms: tremors, poor balance, depression, dementia.
Disease targets neurons that produce dopamine
What is Coronary Artery Disease?
Develops when coronary arteries become damaged or diseased.
Plaque formation in arities/inflammation.
Causes coronary arteries to narrow which decreases blood flow to the heart.
What are the common symptoms of coronary artery disease?
Angina, shortness of breath, extreme cases = heart attack
What is Angina?
The heart does not get enough arterial blood supply
What is a stroke?
Occurs when the blood supply to part of your brain is interrupted or severely reduced; deprives brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients
What is a hemorrhagic stroke?
Intracerebral - bleeding directly into the brain
Subarachnoid - bleeding into spaces and spinal fluid around the brain
What is an Ischemic Stroke?
Thrombotic - thrombus/clot forms on atherosclerotic plaque
Embolic - material/embolus formed elsewhere in the vascular system
What is congestive heart failure?
Occurs when the heart muscle does not pump blood as well as it should
Conditions such as coronary artery disease or high blood pressure leave the heart too weak or stiff to fill and pump efficiently
What is heart valve disease?
Valves in the heart do not open or close correctly which disrupts the blood flow through the heart to the body
What does stenosis mean?
the valve cannot open properly
What is rheumatic heart disease?
A group of acute and chronic heart disorders that can occur as a result of rheumatic fever
What is chronic heart failure?
The inability of the heart to adequately deliver oxygen to the body
What are the cardinal signs and symptoms of chronic heart failure?
Fluid retention
Orthopnea - SOB while lying down
Dyspnea on exertion - SOB on exertion
Fatigue reduces exercise tolerance
What are the effects exercise training has on chronic heart failure?
Improved skeletal muscle metabolism,
improved endothelial function,
increased vasodilatory capacity and redistribution of cardiac output
Physical functioning, quality of life and morbidity/mortality
