Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathophysiology > Pathophys ch25 Endocrine > Flashcards

Pathophys ch25 Endocrine Flashcards

0
Q

Hyposecretion

A

deficit of hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Hypersecretion

A

excessive amounts of hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Adenoma

A
  • Benign tumor in the gland - May be secretory - causing excess hormone - May be destructive - causing a deficit of hormone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Target cell involvement in disease?

A

may become resistant or insensitive to the hormone - creating the effect of a hormone deficit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Diabetes mellitus – What is it?

A

Disease caused by deficit of insulin secretion or lack of response by cells to insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diabetes mellitus – S&S

A
  • polyuria - polydipsia - polyphagia

- hyperglycemia - glucosuria - ketoacidosis - ketouria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Insulin deficit

A

results in abnormal carbohydrate - protein - and fat metabolism because the transport of glucose and amino acids into cells is impaired as well as the synthesis of protein and glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Type 1 diabetes affect whom?

A

Occurs most frequently in children and young adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Type 1 diabetes – pathophysiology

A

Insulin deficit results from destruction of cells from an autoimmune reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Type 1 diabetes – treatment

A

Insulin replacement is required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Type 2 diabetes affects whom?

A

Develops gradually in adults. Obesity and sedentary are factors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Type 2 diabetes – pathophysiology

A

Decreased effectiveness of insulin or a relative deficit of insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Type 2 diabetes – treatment

A

Controlled by diet - exercise - oral medication - insulin replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Metabolic syndrome

A

a complex of several conditions marked by obesity - CV changes - and significant insulin resistance due to increased adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Gestational diabetes

A

may develop during pregnancy and disappear after delivery of the child

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

(Acute complications of diabetes) Hypoglycemia

A

excess insulin causing a deficit of glucose in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

(Acute complications of diabetes) Hypoglycemia

A

Lack of glucose quickly affects the nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

(Acute complications of diabetes) Hypoglycemia

A

S&S - weakness - confusion - pallor - tremor - may lead to loss of consciousness - seizures - and death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

(Acute complications of diabetes) Diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Insufficient insulin which leads to high blood glucose levels and mobilization of lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

(Acute complications of diabetes) Diabetic ketoacidosis

A

S&S - thirst - dry skin - oliguria - acetone breath - nausea - vomiting - and can eventually lead to coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

(Acute complications of diabetes) Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma

A

Infection or over indulge in carbohydrate using more insulin than anticipated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

(Acute complications of diabetes) Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma

A

Hyperglycemia and dehydration develops but sufficient insulin is available to prevent ketoacidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

(Acute complications of diabetes) Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma

A

S&S - neurologic deficits - muscle weakness - difficulty with speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

(Chronic complications of diabetes) Microangiopathy

A

capillary basement membrane becomes thick and hard - this causes obstruction or rupture of capillaries and small arteries and results in necrosis with loss of function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Retinopathy

A

the leading cause of blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Nephropathy

A

vascular degeneration in the glomeruli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

(Chronic complications of diabetes) Macroangiopathy

A

Atherosclerosis leading to heart attacks - strokes - peripheral vascular disease

27
Q

(Chronic complications of diabetes) Macroangiopathy

A

Obstruction of blood vessel in the legs results in ulcers on the feet and legs that are slow to heal

28
Q

(Chronic complications of diabetes) Peripheral neuropathy

A

Results from ischemia and altered metabolic process in neurons

29
Q

(Chronic complications of diabetes) Peripheral neuropathy

A

Leads to impaired sensations - numbness - tingling - and muscle wasting

30
Q

(Chronic complications of diabetes) Infections

A

More common and more severe because of the vascular impairment - decreased tissue resistance - delayed healing

31
Q

(Chronic complications of diabetes) Infections

A

Fungal infection occur frequently on the skin in body folds - oral cavity and vagina

32
Q

(Chronic complications of diabetes) Cataracts

A

Related to abnormal metabolism of glucose

33
Q

(Chronic complications of diabetes) Cataracts

A

Results in accumulated sorbitol and water in the lens

34
Q

(Parathyroid hormone and calcium) Hypoparathyroidism

A

May be caused by lack of glands - surgery - radiation - or autoimmune

35
Q

(Parathyroid hormone and calcium) Hypoparathyroidism

A

leads to hypocalcemia or low serum calcium levels

36
Q

(Parathyroid hormone and calcium) Hypoparathyroidism

A

S&S - weak cardiac muscle contractions - increased excitability of nerves leading to spontaneous contraction of skeletal muscle

37
Q

(Parathyroid hormone and calcium) Hyperparathyroidism

A

May be caused by an adenoma - hyperplasia - or secondary to renal failure

38
Q

(Parathyroid hormone and calcium) Hyperparathyroidism

A

Leads to hypercalcemia or high serum calcium levels

39
Q

(Parathyroid hormone and calcium) Hyperparathyroidism

A

S&S - forceful cardiac contractions - osteoporosis - kidney stones

40
Q

(Pituitary hormones) Benign adenomas

A

are the most common cause of pituitary disorders

41
Q

(Pituitary hormones) Benign adenomas

A

the mass causes increased ICP and associated signs

42
Q

(Pituitary hormones) Benign adenomas

A

Tumor cells may secrete excessive amounts of hormones or may destroy cells causing a deficit of a hormone

43
Q

(Growth hormone) Pituitary dwarfism

A

Deficit of growth hormone; Normal intelligence and normal body proportions

44
Q

(Growth hormone) Gigantism

A

excess GH secretion before puberty

45
Q

(Growth hormone) Acromegaly

A

Excess GH secretion in the adult; Bones become broader and heavier - resulting in enlarged hands and feet - a thicker skull - and changes in the facial features

46
Q

(Antidiuretic hormone) Diabetes insipidus

A

Deficit of ADH; Polyuria with large volumes of dilute urine and thirst - eventually causing dehydration

47
Q

(Antidiuretic hormone) Inappropriate ADH syndrome

A

Excess ADH; Causes retention of fluid - mental confusion and irritability

48
Q

Thyroid disorders

A

May result from pituitary or thyroid gland dysfunction

49
Q

(Thyroid disorders) Goiter

A

enlargement of the thyroid gland

50
Q

Endemic goiter

A

i) Low iodine levels in soil and food; ii) Iodine deficiency leads to low T3 /T4 production and increased TSH producing hyperplasia and hypertrophy in the thyroid gland

51
Q

Toxic goiter

A

hyperactivity of the thyroid gland

52
Q

(Thyroid disorders) Hyperthyroidism/Grave’s disease

A

Related to an autoimmune factor - antibodies mimic TSH

53
Q

(Thyroid disorders) Hyperthyroidism/Grave’s disease

A

S&S - hypermetabolism - toxic goiter - exophthalmos

54
Q

Thyroid storm

A

uncontrolled hyperthyroidisms usually precipitated by infection or surgery

55
Q

(Severe hypothyroidism) Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

A

destructive autoimmune disorder

56
Q

(Severe hypothyroidism) Myxedema

A

i) Severe hypothyroidism in adults; ii) Myxedema coma results in hypotension - hypoglycemia - hypothermia - loss of consciousness

57
Q

(Severe hypothyroidism) Cretinism

A

i) Untreated congenital hypothyroidism; ii) Results in severe impairment of all aspects of growth and development

58
Q

(Adrenal medulla) Pheochromocytoma

A

benign tumor that secretes epinephrine - norepinephrine - etc.

59
Q

(Adrenal medulla) Pheochromocytoma

A

Causes hypertension

60
Q

(Adrenal medulla) Pheochromocytoma

A

S&S - headache - palpitations - sweating - anxiety

61
Q

(Adrenal cortex) Cushing’s syndrome

A

Excessive amount of glucocorticoids (hydrocortisone - cortisol)

62
Q

(Adrenal cortex) Cushing’s syndrome

A

Result from adrenal adenoma - pituitary adenoma - ectopic carcinoma - iatrogenic conditions (Fig. 25-17 - pg. 568)

63
Q

(Adrenal cortex) Cushing’s syndrome

A

S&S - moon face - heavy trunk - fat on back of neck - wasting of muscles in the limbs - fragile skin - osteoporosis - delayed healing

64
Q

(Adrenal cortex) Addison’s disease

A

deficit of glucocorticoids - mineral corticoids and androgens

65
Q

(Adrenal cortex) Addison’s disease

A

Autoimmune reaction or destruction of glands

66
Q

(Adrenal cortex) Addison’s disease

A

S&S - decreased blood volume - BP - weight - blood glucose - serum Na+ and stress responses with increased K+ and infection

Pathophysiology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions