Pathoma Congenital VSD, ASD, PDA 12/04 Flashcards
When congenital arise?
During embryoigenesis (usually weeks 3 to 8)
What cause those defects?
Most are sporadic
Often results in what circulation?
shunting between left (systemic) and right (pulmonary) circulations
What are symptoms of left-to-right shunting?
Relatively asymptomatic at birth, shunt can eventually reverse.
incr. flow through the pulmonary circulation leads to …..
hyperthrophy of pulmonary vessels and pulmonary hypertension
Incr. pulmonary resistance eventually results in —>
in reversal shunt, leading to late cyanosis (Eisenmenger syndrome) with right ventricular hyperthrophy, plolycytemia and clubbing.
VSD. What defect?
in septum that divides the right and left ventricles
defect in septum that divides the right and left ventricles?
VSD
VSD. 2 reasons?
Most common congenital defect.
Assoc. with fetal alcohol syndrome
Assoc. with fetal alcohol syndrome?
VSD
VSD. Results in what?
left-to-right shunt.
VSD. Size of defect determines…..
extent of shunting and age at presentation
VSD. Small defects? symtoms.
Asymptomatic
VSD. Large defects? symtoms.
leads to Eisenmenger syndrome (late cyanosis).
VSD. Treatment?
Surgical closure. Small defects may close spontaneously.
ASD. Defect in what?
in septum that divides right and left atria.
ASD. Most common type of defect?
Ostium secundum (90proc.)
ASD. Ostium primum is assoc with?
Down syndrome.
Down syndrome is assoc with what?
ASD. Ostium primum type.
ASD. Results in what shunt?
left-to-right AND split S2 on auscultation
ASD. Why S2 split?
increased blood in right heart delays closure of pulmonary valve.
ASD. What is important complication?
Paradoxical emboli
Paradoxical emboli. Complication of what?
ASD.
left-to-right AND split S2 on auscultation?
ASD
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Mechanism?
Failure of ductus arteriosus to close.
PDA assoc. with what?
congenital rubella
congenital rubella –> what defect?
PDA
PDA. What shunt?
left-to-right shunt between the AORTA and the PULMONARY artery
left-to-right shunt between the AORTA and the PULMONARY artery?
PDA
PDA. Normally what happens during development?
ductus arteriosus normally shunts blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the lungs.
ductus arteriosus normally shunts blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the lungs.?
PDA
PDA. symptoms at birth?
Asymptomatic with continuous ,,Machine-like” murmur.
PDA. symptoms may lead to ….
Eisenmenger syndrome, resulting in lower extremity cyanosis.
Eisenmenger syndrome, resulting in lower extremity cyanosis.?
PDA
PDA. Treatment?
indomethacin: decrease PDE, resulting in PDA closure
What maintains ductus in PDA?
PGE maintains patency of the ductus arteriosus.
