Pathology, types of degeneration

Question 1

calcification, metastatic

Answer 1

Calcium infiltration into normal tissue.

E.g. Hypervitaminosis D

Question 2

calcification dystrophic

Answer 2

Calcium infiltration into abnormal/damaged tissue.

E.g. atherosclerosis or atheroma. Damage to tunica intima; myositis ossificans

Question 3

caseous

Answer 3

tuberculosis

Question 4

cloudy swelling

Answer 4

Albuminous. Membrane injured which effects ionic transfer (protein).

Question 5

coagulation

Answer 5

infarction (MI)

Question 6

enzymatic

Answer 6

pancreas

Question 7

Fatty

Answer 7

Liver, aka “nutmeg liver”. In Heart = “Tabby cat heart”. Fatty dot –> Fatty Streak–> Atheroma (fatty plaque) –> fibroatheroma (fibrous tissue, calcium)

Question 8

Liquefaction

Answer 8

CNS (e.g. Brain melts, tertiary syphilis, leprosy) or Skin (if from infection)

Question 9

Wallerian

Answer 9

Peripheral nerves. Degenerates to the next Node of Ranvier. “Dying back Phenomenon”.

Question 10

Zenker’s (Waxy)

Answer 10

Hyaline. Most common in skeletal muscle. Muscle replaced with hyaline.

Question 11

Karyolysis

Answer 11

Nuclear rupture (view pic)

Question 12

Karyorrhexis

Answer 12

Nuclear swelling (view pic)

Question 13

Pyknosis

Answer 13

Nuclear condensation (view pic)