Pathology, Disturbances of growth

Question 1

Atrophy

Answer 1

Decrease in size (disuse atrophy). Seen most commonly in muscle.

Question 2

Hypertrophy

Answer 2

increase in size (e.g. muscle exercise)

Question 3

Hyperplasia

Answer 3

Increase in number of cells (e.g. pregnant uterus, goiter)

Question 4

Metaplasia

Answer 4

Changes from one cell type to another. E.g. Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium (PCCE) changing into stratified squamous in lungs of a smoker.

Question 5

Dysplasisa

Answer 5

Change in size, shape or function of a cell. Precancerous, but last stage that can reverse to normal.

Question 6

Anaplasia

Answer 6

Complete disorganization of a cell (cancer). E.g. Squamous cell carcinoma. (Leukoplakia - smoking & chewing).