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PLE 2017: Pathology > Pathology (Sections 1-10) > Flashcards

Pathology (Sections 1-10) Flashcards

1
Q

Pathophysiology:

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

A

Xp11.23 Mutation

Depleted systemic T-Cell Population;
Paradoxical increase in IgA, IgE

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2
Q 
Leading cause of Mental Retardation
Oblique Palpebral Fissures
Epicanthal Folds
Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia
Endocardial Cushion Defect
A

Down Syndrome

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3
Q

“Dewdrops on a Rose Petal” intraepithelial vesicles

A

VZV

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4
Q

Pathophysiology:

Down Syndrome

A

Trisomy 21

MC: Non disjunction of Chromosome 21

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5
Q

Pathophysiology:

von Gierke Disease

A

Glucose-6-Phosphatase Deficiency

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6
Q

Pathophysiology:

Pompe Disease

A

Lysosomal Acid Maltase Deficiency

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7
Q

Metabolism characterized by high glucose uptake with marked preference for fermentation.

Seen in cancer cells

A

Warburg Metabolism

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8
Q

Plasma Cells with cytoplasmic granules containing immunoglobulins

Seen in Trypanosomiasis

A

Mott Cells

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9
Q 
Pathophysiology: 
Hunter Syndrome (MPS II)
A

L-Iduronosulfate Sulfatase Deficiency

X-Linked

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10
Q

Eunuchoid Body Habitus
Mitral Valve Prolapse (50%)
Male Hypogonadism
T2DM, MS

A

Klinefelter Syndrome

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11
Q

Gaucher Cells

A

Distended Phagocytes:
“Crumpled Tissue Paper” Appearance

Gaucher Disease

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12
Q

Most common sexually-transmitted bacterial pathogen

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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13
Q

Histology:
Maltese Cross Pattern,
Parasites without Hemozoin

A

Babesia

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14
Q

MoA: p53 Tumor Suppressor Gene

A

Central monitor of stress;

Synthesis of p21 arrests cycle at G1-S

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15
Q

Libman-Sacks Endocarditis

A

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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16
Q

Triad of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

A
  1. Thrombocytopenia
  2. Immunodeficiency
  3. Eczema
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17
Q

Etiologic Agent: Stomach CA, Esophageal CA

A

Nitrosamine

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18
Q

Expressivity

A

Variability of phenotype expression

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19
Q

Etiologic Agent: Urothelial Bladder CA

A

Aniline

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20
Q

Commonly involved heart valve in fungal endocarditis

A

Tricuspid Valve

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21
Q

Pathophysiology: Hurler Syndrome (MPS I)

A

Alpha-L-Iduronidase Deficiency

Autosomal Recessive

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22
Q

Etiologic Agent: Acute Myeloid Leukemia

A

Benzene

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23
Q

Necrotizing pneumonia
Target Lesions
Sepate Hyphae at acute angles

A

Aspergillosis

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24
Q

Alternating RBC-rich and -depleted areas within thrombi?

A

Lines of Zahn

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25
Q

Autoantibody of choice for SLE screening?

A

ANA

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26
Q

Pathophysiology: Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

A

Defect in phagolysosome membrane traffic

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27
Q

Etiologic Agent: Malignant Mesothelioma

A

Asbestos

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28
Q

Beefy red ulcers with indurated borders

Klebsiella granulomatis

A

Granuloma inguinale

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29
Q

Pathophysiology: Gaucher Disease

A

Glucerebrosidase Deficiency

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30
Q

Routes of Metastasis

A

Carcinoma: Lymphatic

Sarcoma (+ liver, lung, and kidney): Hematogenous

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31
Q

Transforming Virus

Paracortical Hyperplasia at LN

Heterophile (+)

A

EBV

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32
Q

Macro-orchidism (90%)
Second leading cause of Mental Retardation
Large Mandible
Everted Ears

A

Fragile X Syndrome

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33
Q

Pathogen: Bladder SCCA

A

Schistosoma haematobium

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34
Q

Migratory Thrombophlebitis

A

Trosseau Syndrome

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34
Q

Pathophysiology: Lemierre Syndrome

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum infection of the lateral pharyngeal space with septic jugular vein thrombosis

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36
Q

Pathophysiology: Glanzmann Thrombasthenia

A

Gp IIb/IIIa Deficiency

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36
Q

Pathophysiology: Patau Syndrome

A

Trisomy 13

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36
Q

Leishmaniasis (Old World)

A

Visceral:
L. donovani
L. infantum

Cutaneous:
L. major
L. tropica

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37
Q

Oncogenes that promote VEGF production

A

Ras, Myc, Mapk

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39
Q

PTEN Mutation

A

Breast CA, Endometrial CA

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40
Q

Central coagulation necrosis surrounded by palisading macrophages and fibroblasts with abundant plasma cells in infiltrate.

Seen in Tertiary Syphilis

A

Gumma

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41
Q

Hamartoma

A

Disorganized histology, normal location

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42
Q

N-formylmethionine

A

Bacterial Product

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43
Q

Bony changes in Congenital Syphilis

A 
Saber Shins (excessive bone growth)
Saddle Nose (destruction of Vomer)
Hutchinson Teeth (peg-shaped)
Osteochondritis
Periostitis
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44
Q

Pathophysiology: Hyper IgM Syndrome

A

Absent CD40L; Class switching not possible for B-Cells

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45
Q

Pathophysiology: Tay-Sachs Disease

A

Defective alpha-subunit of Hexosaminidase A;

Accumulation of GM2 Ganglioside

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46
Q

Pathophysiology: Turner Syndrome

A

Complete or Partial X-Chromosome Monosomy (MC: 45 XO, 57%)

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47
Q

Meyer-Kouwenaar Bodies

A

Dead worms surrounded by hyaline embeded in epithiloid granulomas

(Filariasis)

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48
Q

Lipofuschin

A

“Wear and Tear” Pigment

Sign of Free Radical Injury

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49
Q

Pathophysiology: Bernard-Soulier Syndrome

A

Gp Ib Deficiency

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49
Q

Pathophysiology: Ehler-Danlos Syndrome

A

Heterogenous group of disorders involving fibrillar collagen synthesis

(Autosomal Dominant)

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51
Q

Pathophysiology: Hereditary Angioedema

A

Decreased Response to C1 Inhibitor

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52
Q

Pathophysiology: Cori Disease

A

Debranching Enzyme Deficiency

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53
Q

Homogentistic Acid

A

Ochronosis

Seen in Alkaptonuria

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53
Q

Mental Retardation
Ataxic Gait
Seizures
“Happy Puppet”

A

Angelman Syndrome

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54
Q

Pathophysiology: Caisson Disease

A

Chronic Air Emboli in Skeletal Tissue

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55
Q

Pathophysiology: Anderson Disease

A

Branching Enzyme Deficiency

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56
Q

Parotid Involvement,
Testicular Swelling,
Pancreatic Fat Necrosis,
CNS Demyelination

A

Mumps

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57
Q

Leading cause of preventable blindness in Sub-Saharan Africa

Leopard/Lizard/Elephant Skin
Anterior Chamber: Iridocyclitis, Glaucoma
Atrophy of Choroid and Retina

A

Onchocerca volvulus

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58
Q

Etiologic Agent: Prostatic CA

A

Cadmium

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59
Q

Most common lysosomal storage disorder?

A

Gaucher Disease

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60
Q

Hyperkalemia
Hyperphosphatemia
Hyperuricemia
Hypocalcemia

A

Tumor Lysis Syndrome

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61
Q

Pathophysiology: Niemann-Pick Type A & B

A

Sphingomyelinase Deficiency;

Accumulation of Sphingomyelin

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61
Q

Pale, airless lungs in stillborn infants

A

Pneumonia Alba

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62
Q

Pathophysiology: Hers Disease

A

Hepatic Glycogen Phosphorylase Deficiency

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63
Q

Pathophysiology: Familial Hypercholesterolemia

A

LDL Receptor Mutation

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64
Q

Autosomal recessive types of Ehler-Danlos?

A

Kyphoscoliosis (VI),

Dermatosparaxis (VIIC)

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65
Q

Pathophysiology: Combined Variable Deficiency

A

Unknown

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66
Q

Sirtuin

A

Promotes longevity.

Increased activity during fasting state.

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67
Q

Pathophysiology: Huntington Disease

A

CAG Expansion
HTT Gene
Ch4p16.3

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68
Q

Penetrance

A

Proportion of a given genotype to express a certain phenotype

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68
Q

Nurse Cells

A

Infected skeletal muscle cells with loss of striations (Trichinosis)

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70
Q

Pathophysiology: Marfan Syndrome

A

Fibrillin-1 Defect

Autosomal Dominant

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71
Q

Pathophysiology: DiGeorge Syndrome (Velocardiofacial Syndrome)

A

Chromosome 22q11.2 Deletion

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72
Q

Pathophysiology: Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

A

Decreased Decay Accelerating Factor (DAF), and CD59

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73
Q

Cytoplasmic Inclusions:
Whorled or “Onion-skin” Configuration

Cherry Red Spot (Retina)

A

Tay-Sachs Disease

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74
Q

PTCH1 Mutation

A

Gorlin Syndrome

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75
Q 
Mental Retardation
Hypotonia
Hyperohagia
Obesity
Hypogonadism
Small Hands and Feet
A

Prader-Willi Syndrome

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76
Q

Hepatosplenomegaly
Cherry Red Spot (Macula)
Zebra Bodies

A

Niemann-Pick Disease (Type A & B)

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77
Q

Pathophysiology: Chronic Granulomatous Disease

A

Defective Oxidative Burst

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78
Q

Myositis Ossificans

A

Ectopic Bone in Muscle

Metaplasia

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79
Q

Mikulicz Syndrome

A

ANY inflammation and enlargement of the lacrimal or salivary glands

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80
Q

Pathophysiology: Edward Syndrome

A

Trisomy 18

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81
Q

Pathophysiology: Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

A

Loss in cytokine receptor function; impaired early developmnt of T-Cells (X-Linked)

ADA Deficiency; impaired DNA synthesis via deoxyadenosine accumulation (Autosomal Recessive)

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81
Q

Most common form of EPTB

A

Scrofula

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82
Q

Features of DiGeorge Syndrome?

A

CATCH 22:

Cardiac Anomalies
Abnormal Facies
Thymic Hypoplasia
Cleft Palate
Hypocalcemia
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84
Q

Pathophysiology: Klinefelter Syndrome

A

At least two X-Chromosomes and at least one Y-Chromosome (MC: XXY, 90%)

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86
Q

LC3

A

Marker for Autophagy

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88
Q

Pathophysiology: Prader-Willi Syndrome

A

Deletion of Paternal Ch15q11.2q13

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89
Q

Relentlessly progressive dementia and movement disorders from degeneration of Striatal Neurons

A

Huntington Syndrome

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89
Q

Difference between Ghon Focus and Ghon Complex?

A

Pulmonary Hilar LN Involvement

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90
Q

Pathophysiology: Angelman Syndrome

A

Deletion of Maternal Ch15q12

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92
Q

Pathophysiology: Isolated IgA Deficiency

A

Unknown; may be familial or acquired

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93
Q

Russell Bodies

A

Intracytoplasmic vacuoles seen in activated Plasma Cells

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94
Q

Pathogen: Chagas Disease

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

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95
Q

Triad of Sjogren Syndrome

A
  1. Dry Eyes (Keratoconjunctivitis sicca)
  2. Dry Mouth (Xerostomia)
  3. Rheumatoid Arthritis
97
Q

Ovarian Streak,
SHOX Haploinsufficiency,
Webbed Neck,
Preductal Coarctation, Bicuspid AV

A

Turner Syndrome

98
Q

Autoantibodies involved in Scleroderma?

A

Anti-DNA Topoisomerase I (Diffuse)
Anti-Centromere (Limited)
Anti-RNA Pol III (Renal Crisis)

99
Q

Pathophysiology: Ataxia-Telangiectasia

A

ATM Gene Mutation

Decreased IgA and IgG; thymic hypoplasia

100
Q

Durck Granulomas

A

Perivascular ring hemorrhages in CNS

Malaria

101
Q

Yeast with prominent polysaccharide
PAS (+), Mucicarmine (+)
Soap-bubble lesions in CNS

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

102
Q

Most frequent autoantibodies involved in Sjogren Syndrome?

A

Anti-Ro (SS-A) and Anti-La (SS-B)

103
Q

Cestodes
Cystercerci
Ovoid, white to opalescent, grape-sized with invaginated scolex

A

Taenia solium

104
Q

Subpleural consolidation at either the inferior upper lobe or superior lower lobe of the lung.

A

Ghon Focus

105
Q

Pathophysiology: Factor V Leiden

A

Decreased response to Protein C

106
Q

Lardaceous/Tapioca Spleen

A

Amyloidosis

107
Q

Triad of Scleroderma

A
  1. Autoimmunity
  2. Vascular Damage
  3. Collagen Deposition
108
Q

Fleur-de-lis pattern of necrotizing pneumonia (pale necrotic centers with hemorrhagic periphery)

Perivascular Blue Haze (coagulative vascular necrosis)

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

109
Q

Choristoma

A

Normal histology, ectopic location

110
Q

Most Common Malignant Causes of Mortality

A
  1. Lung CA
  2. Breast CA or Prostate CA
  3. Colorectal CA
111
Q

Pathophysiology: McArdle Disease

A

Muscle Glycogen Phosphorylase Deficiency

112
Q

Most common cause of death in childhood Malaria

A

CNS Involvement

113
Q

Synovitis of the fingers
Raynaud Phenomenon
Mild Myositis

Autoantibody: Anti-RNP

A

Mixed Connective Tissue Disease

114
Q

Leishmaniasis (New World)

A

Visceral:
L. chagasi

Cutaneous:
L. mexicana
L. brazilensis

115
Q

Apical pulmonary consolidations in Secondary PTB

A

Simmon Focus

116
Q

Psammoma Bodies

A

Dystrophic Calcifications

117
Q

Pathophysiology: Fragile X Syndrome

A

CGG Expansion
FMR 1 Gene
Chromosome 10

118
Q

Hepatosplenomegaly
Pancytopenia
Hyperpigmentation
Weight Loss

Kala-azar

A

Visceral Leishmaniasis

119
Q

Necrosis, infiltrates, and neovascularization found near the opening of the Stensen Duct in Measles

A

Koplik Spots

120
Q

Non-septate hyphae at right angles

A

Mucormycosis

121
Q

Most common cause of death in Scleroderma?

A

PAH and Interstitial Lung Disease

122
Q

Autoantibody involved in Drug-induced Lupus?

A

Anti-histone Antibody

123
Q

Pathophysiology: Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia

A

Type I HSR to microfilariae (Filariasis)

124
Q

20:4(w-6)

A

Arachidonic Acid

125
Q

Cestodes
Hydatid Cyst
Degenerating scolices (Hydatid Sand)
Anaphylactic Reactions

A

Echinococcus granulosus

126
Q

CREST Syndrome

A 
Calcinosis
Raynaud Phenomenon (MC extracutaneous manifestation)
Esophageal Dysmotility
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectasia

Otherwise known as Limited Scleroderma/lcSSc

127
Q

Most common site of EPTB along GI Tract

A

Ileum

128
Q

Pathogen: Granulomatosis Infantiseptica

A

Listeria monocytogenes

129
Q

Most common cause of fungal endocarditis

Yeast that produces a gray-white, dirty-looking pseudomembrane

A

Candida albicans

130
Q

Pathophysiology: Bruton X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia

A

Btk Gene Defect

Arrest in B-Cell development

131
Q

Autoantibody that correlates disease activity in SLE?

A

Anti-dsDNA

132
Q

True or False?

Grading has greater clinical value than Staging.

A

False

133
Q

Lepra Cells

A

Lipid-laden macrophages (Lepromatous Leprosy), with globi

134
Q

Symbiotic bacteria required for nematode development and reproduction

A

Wolbachia

135
Q

Hallmark of Malignancy

A

Anaplasia

136
Q

Donvan Bodies

A

Gram negative coccobacilli in macrophages (Klebsiella granulomatis)

137
Q

Etiologic Agent: Hepatic Angiosarcoma

A

Vinyl Chloride, Arsenic

138
Q

Most common proto-oncogene abnormality in human tumors

A

RAS

139
Q

Mononuclear Giant Cells with eosinophilic nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions

A

Warthin-Finkeldey Cells (Measles)

140
Q

MoA: Rb Tumor Suppressor Gene

A

Phosphorylated: Promote replication

Dephosphorylated: Arrest at G1-S

141
Q

Painful genital lesions with non-indurated borders and yellow-gray exudates

Haemophilus ducreyi

A

Chancroid

142
Q

Onset of TH1 response in Tuberculosis

A

2-4 weeks post-infection

143
Q

Intranuclear basopihilic inclusions surrounded by a clear halo (Owl’s Eye)

Heterophile (-)

A

CMV

144
Q

Pathogen: Cholangiocarcinoma

A

Clonorchis sinensis,

Opistorchis viverrni

145
Q

Multinucleated syncitia with inclusions

Pink to purple intranuclear inclusions (Cowdry Type A)

A

HSV

146
Q

Tumor factor that promotes VEGF production

A

Hypoxia Inducible Factor - 1 Alpha (HIF-1a)

147
Q

Most common mechanism of evading apoptosis

A

Disruption of intrinsic apoptotic pathway

148
Q

Biochemical basis of Cancer Cachexia

A

TNF-Alpha

149
Q

Desmoplasia

A

Formation of abundant collagenous stroma

150
Q

Pathophysiology: Li-Fraumeni Syndrome

A

TP53 mutation leading to increased risk of malignancy

151
Q

Most Common Cancers in Children

A
  1. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
  2. CNS Tumors
  3. Burkitt Lymphoma
152
Q

Effect of Carbon Monoxide on ETC

A

Cytochrome C Oxidase (Complex 4) Inhibitor

153
Q

Coma and death in Carbon Monoxide poisoning

A

60-70% Saturation

154
Q

Ring sideroblasts
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Punctate basophilic stippling of RBC’s
Saturnine Gout

A

Lead Toxicity

155
Q

Lead toxicity in children

A

Central neurologic symptoms due to high intestinal absorption

156
Q

Cerebral Palay
Blindness
Mental Retardation

Methylmercury exposure in utero

A

Minamata Disease

157
Q

Increases CNS toxicity of Mercury

A

Increased lipophilicity (metallic or organic forms)

158
Q

Pathophysiology: Itai-itai Disease

A

Osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and renal disease in Cadmium toxicity

159
Q

Measure of passive smoking

A

Cotinine

160
Q

Most commonly abused substance

A

Alcohol

161
Q

Microcephaly
Growth Retardation
Facial abnormalities
Reduced mental function

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

162
Q

Most common thermal injury

A

Thermal Burns

163
Q 
Hyperthermia
Generalized Vasodilation
Hyperkalemia
Arrhythmia
Rhabdomyolisis
A

Heat Stroke

164
Q

Flag Sign (Hair)
“Flaky Paint” Skin
CNS Involvement
Intact SC Fat

A

Kwashiorkor Syndrome

165
Q

Small opaque placques of keratin debris (Bitot Spots)

Nyctalopia

A

Vitamin A Deficiency

166
Q

Nutritional imbalance causing Pseudotumor cerebri

A

Vitamin A Excess

167
Q

Craniotabes
Frontal Bossing
Pectum Carinatum
Rachitic Rosary (Cartilagenous overgrowth at costochondral junction)

A

Rickets

168
Q

Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of developing the followng malignancies:

A

Colon, Prostate, and Breast

169
Q

Essential enzyme in Vitamin C synthesis

A

L-gulonolactone oxidase

170
Q

Dementia
Dermatitis
Diarrhea

A

Pellagra

171
Q

Pathophysiology: Keshan Disease

A

Cardiomyopathy associated with selenium deficiency and Coxsackie Virus infection

172
Q

Anorexigenic Compounds

Inreased POMC/CART activity

A

Leptin
PYY
Amylin

173
Q

Orexigenic Compounds

A

NPY
AgRP
Ghrelin

174
Q

Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Polycythemia
Cor Pulmonale

A

Pickwickian Syndrome

Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome

175
Q

Pathologically related congenital anomalies caused by MULTIPLE initiating defects

A

Malformation Syndrome

176
Q

Primary error of morphogenesis

A

Malformation

177
Q

Secondary DESTRUCTION of a normally developed organ

A

Disruption

178
Q

Secondary DEFORMATION of a normally developed organ

A

Deformation

179
Q

Constellation of anomalies caused by a SINGLE initiating abberation

A

Sequence

180
Q

Potter Sequence

A

Oligohydramnios

181
Q

Drug that interferes with HOX Gene expression

A

Valproic Acid

182
Q

In maternal diabetes, inhibits development of Type II pneumocytes

A

Insulin

183
Q

Pathophysiology: Retinopathy of Prematurity

A

Hyperoxia causes vasoconstriction; subsequent hypoxia increases VEGF synthesis

184
Q

Striking distance in alveolar septation;

Impairment of lung development at saccular stage

A

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

185
Q

Pneumatosis intestinalis
Loss of GIT mucosal integrity
Mediated by PAF

A

Necrotizing enterocolitis

186
Q

Anasarca
Erythroblastosis Fetalis
Extramedullary hematopoiesis

A

Hydrops Fetalis

187
Q

Pathophysiology: Cystic Fibrosis

A

CFTR Gene Mutation, Ch7q31.2

Failure of Chloride influx (Sweat Glands, Pancreas) or efflux (GI and Pulmonary Epithelium)

188
Q

Sine qua non (Salty sweat)
Meconium ileus
Congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens

Sweat glands morphologically unremarkable

A

Cystic Fibrosis

189
Q

Triple Risk Model

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

A
  1. Vulnerable Infant
  2. Critical developmental period in homeostatic control
  3. Exogenous Stressor
190
Q

Only safe sleeping position

A

Supine

191
Q

Most common tumor of infancy

A

Hemangioma

192
Q

Most common teratoma of childhood

A

Sacrococcygeal Teratoma

193
Q

Most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood

A

Neuroblastoma

194
Q

Most commonly diagnosed tumor of infancy

A

Neuroblastoma

195
Q

Homer-Wright Pseudorosettes

A

Neuroblastoma

Tumor cells surrounding a neutrophil-rich central space

196
Q

Indicators of improved prognosis in Neuroblastoma

A

Age (< 18 months)

Stage (1, 2A, 2B, 4S)

197
Q

Maturation of Neuroblastoma

A

Ganglioneuroblastoma

Ganglioneuroma (with Schwannian Stroma)

198
Q

Most common renal tumor of childhood

A

Wilms Tumor

199
Q

Pathophysiology: WAGR Syndrome

A

WT1 Gene

Wilms Tumor
Aniridia
Genital Anomalies
Mental Retardation

200
Q

Pahophysiology: Denys-Drash Syndrome

A

WT1 Gene

Wilms Tumor
Nephropaty
Gonadoblastoma

201
Q

Pathophysiology: Beckwidth-Weidemann Syndrome

A

WT2 Gene

Organomegaly
Macroglossia
Omphalocoele
Hemihypertrophy
Adrenal Cytomegaly
202
Q

Triphasic Tumor (Wilms)

A
  1. Blastema
  2. Stromal
  3. Epithelial
203
Q

Key initiating event in essential hypertension

A

Reduced renal sodium excrtion

204
Q

Pathophysiology: Liddle Syndrome

A

Gain-of-function mutation of ENaC channels in cortical collectng ducts

205
Q

Hyperplastic Arteriosclerosis

A

“Onion-skin” Lesions
Smooth muscle cells with reduplicated BM
Necrotizing Arteriolitis

Seen in Malignant Hypertension

206
Q

Vascular pathology in Essential Hypertension

A

Hyaline Arteriosclerosis

207
Q

Calcifications of internal elastic membrane of muscular arteries without luminal narrowing

A

Monckeberg Medical Calcific Sclerosis

208
Q

Morphology: Fatty Streak

A

Lipid-laden Macrophages

209
Q

Morphology: Atheromatous Plaque

A

Fibrous Cap and Lipid Core

210
Q

Level of occlusion at which tissue ischemia starts

A

Critical Stenosis

211
Q

High-intensity Statin Benefit Groups

A
  1. Clinical ASCVD
  2. LDL >190 mg/dL
  3. T2DM PLUS
    40-75 years, LDL 70-189 mg/dL, (-)ASCVD
  4. 10 year risk > 7.5% PLUS
    40-75 years, LDL 70-189 mg/dL, (-)ASCVD
212
Q

Hallmark of vascular wall weakening

A

Cystic Medial Degeneration

213
Q

Indication for aggressive management of AAA

A

> 5 cm

214
Q

True or False?

AD classified as Stanford A are more lethal than those classified as Stanford B.

A

True.

215
Q

Pain along course of Superior Temporal Artery
Headache
Type 4 HSR

Most common vasculitis among older individuals

A

Giant Cell Arteritis

216
Q

Occular disturbances
“Pulseless Disease”
Involves branches of the Aorta

Type 4 HSR

A

Takayasu Arteritis

217
Q

Visceral Ischemia
Hypertension
No pulmonary involvement

Prominent fibroid necrosis of medium-sized vessels with temporal heterogeniety

Type 3 HSR, associated wth HBV infection

A

Polyarteritis Nodosa

218
Q

Fever
Conjunctival Injection
Polymorphous exanthem

Less prominent fibrinoid necrosis of medium-sized vessels, with temporal heterogeniety

Type 3 HSr
Important cause of MI in children

A

Kawasaki Disease

219
Q

Hemoptysis
Hematuria
Proteinuria

Temporally homogenous fibrinoid necrosis of small vessels; (+) Leukocytoclasia

P-ANCA

A

Microscopic Polyangitis

220
Q

Palpable purpura
GI Bleed
FSGS

Necrotizing granulomas and eosinophils with fibrinoid necrosis of small vessels

p-ANCA
Associated with IgE mediated conditions

A

Churg-Strauss Syndrome

221
Q

Persistent pneumonitis with bilateral nodular and cavitary infiltrates
Chronic Sinusitis
Nasopharyngeal Ulcers
Renal Disease

Prominent pulmonary involvement

c-ANCA
Crescentic GN

A

Granulomatosis with Angiitis

Wegener Granulomatosis

222
Q

Oral aphtuous ulcers
Genital ulcers
Uveitis

Neutrophilic infiltration of small- and medium-sized vessels

A

Behcet Syndrome

223
Q

Raynaud Phenomenon
Intermittent and Instep Claudication
Superficial nodular thrombophlebitis

Thrombosis with microabscesses in small- to medium-sized vssels in the extremities

Smokers

A

Thromboangitis Obliterans

Buerger Disease

224
Q

Cardiac Raynaud

A

Coronary vessel vasospasm

225
Q

Pathophysiology: Trosseau Syndrome

A

Migratory surface thrombophlebitis in cancer patients

226
Q

Pathophysiology: Milroy Disease

A

Familial primary lymphedema

227
Q

Most common cause of lymphangitis

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

228
Q

Dilated cutaneous blood vessels that regress spontaneously

Most common form of vascular ecthasia

A

Nevus Flammeus

Birthmark

229
Q

Nevus Flammeus distributed along course of Trigeminal Nerve

A

Port-wine Stain

230
Q 
Port-wine Nevi
Mental Retardation
Seizures
Hemiplegia
Ipsilateral venous angiomas in cortical leptomeninges
A

Sturge-Weber Syndrome

231
Q

Blanching, radial, pulsatile subcutaneous arteries about a central core

A

Spider Telangiectasia

232
Q

Pathophysiology: Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome (Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia)

A

TGF-Beta Abnormality

233
Q

Cavernous hemangiomas involvng the ceebellum, brainstem, retina, pamcreas, and liver

A

Von Hippel-Lindau Disease

234
Q

Juvenile-type hemangioma

Spontaneously regresses by age 7

A

Strawberry Hemangioma

235
Q

Red, pedunculated lesions on the skin, gingiva, and oral mucosa in pregnancy

A

Granuloma Gravidarum

Type of Capillary Hemangioma

236
Q

Painful tumors arising from modified smooth muscle cells

Commonly found in the distal digits

A

Glomus Tumor

237
Q

Vascular proliferation secondary to Bartonella infection

A

Bacillary Angiomatosis

238
Q

Vascular neoplasm secondary to HHV-8 infection

AIDS-defining lesion (Epidemic Type)

A

Kaposi Sarcoma

239
Q

Immunostains used for Angiosarcomas

A

CD31

vWF

PLE 2017: Pathology (4 decks)

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